Windows Programming: Win32 / MFC

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Windows ProgrammingWin32 / MFC

• James Adkison
• 04/17/2008

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Presentation Goals

• How to create a basic Windows App
• Hungarian Notation
• How to use the Win32 / MFC APIs
• Windows Programming Model
• Messages
• Examples

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Windows Programming

• Where do I start?
• Use the Windows API (Win32 API)
• How do I use it?
• include ltwindows.hgt
• What about documentation?
• Google msdn win32 api

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http//msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa383749(
VS.85).aspx
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What is MFC?

• Microsoft Foundation Class
• MFC is the C class library Microsoft provides
  to place an object-oriented wrapper around the
  Windows API.
• How do I use it?
• include ltafxwin.hgt
• Do NOT include ltwindows.hgt afxwin.h already
  includes it

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http//msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/d06h2x6e(
VS.80).aspx
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I Dont Speak Hungarian!

• Hungarian Notation / Windows Data Types
• What is it?
• A variable naming convention
• Examples
• h handle
• n integer
• b boolean
• p pointer

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Hungarian Notation Continued...

• Its important because Windows uses this notation
  thus most Windows/MFC programmers use it
• Its also common to prefix member variables with
  m_ so that its obvious whether a variable is a
  member of a class.

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Hungarian Notation Pop Quiz

• What is nCount?
• What is pnCount
• What is bQuit
• Whats the difference? m_bQuit vs bQuit

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Hungarian Notation Pop Quiz

• What is nCount?
• Integer int Count
• What is pnCount
• Integer pointer int Count
• What is bQuit
• Boolean BOOL Quit
• Whats the difference? m_bQuit vs bQuit
• bQuit is local, m_bQuit is a member of a Class

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Out With The Old
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In With The New!

• New Hello World! Win32 API
• int MessageBoxA(
• HWND hWnd,
• LPCSTR lpText,
• LPCSTR lpCaption,
• UINT uType)

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In With The New!

• New Hello World! MFC API (Global)
• int AfxMessageBoxA(
• LPCTSTR lpszText,
• UINT nType MB_OK,
• UINT nIDHelp 0)

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In With The New!

• New Hello World! MFC API
• int MessageBoxA(
• LPCTSTR lpszText,
• LPCTSTR lpszCaption 0,
• UINT nType 0)
• MessageBoxA(Hello World!)

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A New Way (Win32 API)
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In With The New (MFC API)
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The WindowsProgrammingModel

• Not Procedural
• Event-Driven
• Processes messages sent by the operating system

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The WindowsProgrammingModel

• Not Procedural
• Event-Driven
• Processes messages sent by the operating system

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The WindowsProgrammingModel

• Not Procedural
• Event-Driven
• Processes messages sent by the operating system

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The WindowsProgrammingModel

• Not Procedural
• Event-Driven
• Processes messages sent by the operating system

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The WindowsProgrammingModel

• Not Procedural
• Event-Driven
• Processes messages sent by the operating system

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The WindowsProgrammingModel

• Not Procedural
• Event-Driven
• Processes messages sent by the operating system

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The WindowsProgrammingModel

• Not Procedural
• Event-Driven
• Processes messages sent by the operating system

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The WindowsProgrammingModel

• Not Procedural
• Event-Driven
• Processes messages sent by the operating system

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Messages, Messages, Messages
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Console vs. Windows Application

• Console applications entry point
• int main(void)
• Windows applications entry point
• int WINAPI WinMain(
• HINSTANCE hInstance,
• HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
• LPSTR lpszCmdLine,
• int nCmdShow)
• int main(int argc, char argv)

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No More Faking

• To this point weve used int main()
• Weve used the Win32/MFC APIs to display a
  message box but we have not created a Window
  nor a Windows application
• Win32 App / Win32 Source
• MFC App / MFC Source

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Windows API or MFC API?

• Essentially equivalent in functionality
• Generally, MFC will allow the programmer to do
  the same tasks more easily
• MFC is an OO wrapper of Win32 API
• Maybe neither Win32 and MFC are being replaced
  by newer frameworks (e.g. .NET)
• Still lots of Win32/MFC application around, use
  MFC if possible.

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Now What Can I Do?

• Make a Windows program
• Take simple programs, like your early CS
  assignments and make it into a Windows app
• This looks hard/complicated, why bother?
• Cant I just use Visual Basic or use GUI tools to
  build my application (e.g. Windows Forms, VC)
• Yes, but tools limit what you can do by hiding
  the details, limiting your understanding

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The Road Less Traveled

• Knowing the more tedious details can have its
  advantages and produce some more interesting
  results
• Want to control a program that you didnt write?
• Want to automate a process with program you
  didnt write?

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A more interesting example

• Final Example

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Homework Questions

• What do global MFC function calls begin with
  (i.e. what 3 letters)?
• Where can you find Win32/MFC API documentation?
• True or False, MFC applications should include
  ltwindows.hgt

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Works Cited

• Prosise, Jeff. Programming Windows with MFC
  Second Edition. Redmond, Washington Microsoft
  Press, 1999
• Microsoft Developer Network http//msdn2.microsof
  t.com/en-us/library/default.aspx