Title: UNFCCC
1???????????
2 ????
- ??????????
- ?????????????
- ???????????
- ??
3??????????
4? ?
- ???????????????,?????,????????,????1992???????????
???(United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change, UNFCCC) - ????????????,?????
???? ????? (GWP) ????
CO2 1 ?????????(??)???
CH4 21 ???????????????????????
N2O 310 ???????
PFCs 6500-9200 ?????????
HFCs 11700 ?????
SF6 23900 ??????????
5???????????
????
- ???2?
- ??????????,????????????????
- ????2100??,???????????????????2?,?550ppmv????????,
?????????????700ppmv(????370ppmv???2?)?
??3.1???????????????? ??3.2?????????????????????
??? ??3.3????????(cost effectiveness)???????(the
lowest cost)??????? ??3.4?3.5???????????????
????
6?????
- 1997???????????3??????????????(Kyoto Protocol)?
- ????38?????????????2008?2012?????????????1990?????
,????5.2??????(???????)??????(2008-2012?)??????? - ??3???????????(JI)???????(CDM)?????(ET)?
- ?????????????????????(???38??????),???????????????
????????????????????????(?????1.3)????????????????
????????? - ???????2005?2?16??????
7?????
8?????
- ????????
- ?????????????????????????,????????,??????????
- ??????????
- ????????3??9???????2005??????2012???????????
- ??2005?????????????????2012??????????,????????????
?????????? - ?????????????????,??????40??,?????????????????????
??GDP??????????,?????????,???????
9??????
- ????????????????????????????????????2005?1?1??????
?,?Point Carbon????5?20????,??????????18.59??,??30
??????????? - ???????????
- ???????????????????????????
- ?????????(CO2 Law)
- ????????????????????????????????????
- ??????????(Climate Change Response Act, 2002)
- ???????????????????????
10??????
- ????????????,?????????????????????
- ??????????(Carbon Dioxide Law)
- ?1997?????????????,?????????(Carbon Dioxide
Standard)??1997????17 - ??????Clean Power Act
- Public Service Company of New Hampshire(??????????
?)?????????????????????????????????????3,??1990??
?? - ???????????(AB1493??)
- 2002????????????Fran Pavley???,??2009?????????????
?????????,?????????
11??????
?????
??
- ??????????????
- ????????????????????,????????????
??
- 1998?????????????(??)?
- ?????????????,????????????
- 2002?????????????(?????)?
- ???????????
??
- ????????,?????10????????????18?
- ??"??????????????
- ??10??????????2012????
- ???????????,?2012??????????60?
- ????????????????????
???
??????
??
- ?????????????
- ??????????????????3???1?
- ?????????
- ??????????????
- ???????????????????????
12??????????????
- ???????????????,??????????????????
- ??????
- ???????????(UNCTAD)2002?7????????(Carbon Market
Program) - ????(World Bank)???????(Prototype Carbon
Fund),?????????????? - ????????????????(UNEP/OECD/IEA)?????????????
- ????????
- ???????PFCs????
- ???????????PFCs????
- ????????????WRI/WBCSD GHG Protocol(????????)
- ??????(IISI) CO2 Breakthrough Programme(????????)
- ??Climate Leaders(????????)
13??????????????
- ???????--NEC
- ??
- ????????????????,??????
- ????
- ??????(LCA)???????2G (???????) ?
3G(???????)?PHS(?????????? )?????????????? - ??
- ??????,??3G???????????5080???????
14??????????????
- ???????--????
- ???????????????????????
- ????
- ??????????????????
- ????
- ??
- 1990-2002????????????55.06??????
15.28????,???72.3???? - ??????11.67???????9.65????,???17.3????
- ????????????????(halogenated GHG
substances)??37.76????,???37.87????
15?????????????
16??????????
- 1990??????????160????CO2??,2002??352????CO2???
- ????????,??????????74.183 ?
- ??????,????????????72.26 ?
(????????)
(?????????)
171990-2002??????????
?1990??2002?,????????????120
181990-2002??????CO2????
?????CO2
19??????????
- ?????????????????????????????????????
- ???????????????????,2020?????????????????1990?113?
??????461????? - ???????????,????????????
20????CO2??????
- ??2002???????????????1,?????1/2????1/5,???22?
??????????????????,?????21?? - ?????GDP??????????????,???????????????????????????
??????????????????
?? ????? ????? ?? OECD ?? ?? ??
?? ?? ?? ?? OECD ?? ?? ??
????a (????CO2) 231 22 1.0 24102 12599.7 1205.10 843.57 457.94
??????c (??CO2/?) 10.31 21 - 3.89 10.96 9.47 10.15 9.48
?? (??) 22.5 - 0.4 6103 1145.1 130 81 50
GDPb (????) 394.51 0.9 42,374 25374.8 3039 1954 738
???GDP??b (??CO2/??) 0.57 46 - 0.56 0.49 0.4 0.43 0.63
??????? (??CO2/????) 2.58 32 - 2.32 1.81 2.32 2.46 2.21
??1.???? IEA/OECD, CO2 Emissions from Fuel
Combustion, 2004 Edition.
2.a.????????????????b.??????(PPP)?1995??????
21???????
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????????????????,?????????
??????????????,??????????
1.????????????????????? 2.???????????????????
?????????????
92????????????????GDP??5.75???????20.08????????
?????????35.89?????????65.86?
??????????
?????????????????????????????,?2015???????????????
?,??????????
??????????
????????????CDM,???????????
???? ??
??
????????????,?WTO???,??????????,?????????????
23???????????
24?????????
??????? 1.????????????? 2.????????????,?????????GD
P?????? ?
GDP
???????
??????????
????????GDP????
25?????????
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26????????????
- ?????????????
- ??????????????????????????????????(????????)?????
?????????? - ????????????????????????,?????????8???????,??????
? - ?????(93)?8?27??????????????(TFT-LCD)????(TTLA)???
??????????????,?????????????,???????????????? - ??7?????????????(TSIA)?????????
- ????,????????????,??????,?????
27????????
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?????????????12?????(94?7??????18?),??6???????????
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- ?????6????????????????????????????,???????????????
????????????????,???????????????
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