A short history of Management Effectiveness Evaluation

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A short history of Management Effectiveness
Evaluation

• First raised at Bali WPC 1983
• Call for action at Caracas WPC 1992
• Independent systems development (Parks in Peril,
  WWF/CATIE, TNC and others, various park
  management agencies)
• WCPA Working Group 1996 and Task Force 1998
• Publication of WCPA Best Practice Guidelines
  (2000)
• WCPA Thematic Program on Management Effectiveness
• Vth World Parks Congress workshop (2003)
• CBD Programme of Work on Protected Areas Goals
  and Targets (2004)

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The CBD Commitment

• Goal 4.2 To evaluate and improve the
  effectiveness of protected areas management
• Target By 2010, frameworks for monitoring,
  evaluating and reporting protected areas
  management effectiveness at sites, national and
  regional systems, and transboundary protected
  area levels adopted and implemented by Parties.

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Suggested activities of the Parties

• 4.2.1 Develop and adopt, by 2006, appropriate
  methods, standards, criteria and indicators for
  evaluating the effectiveness of protected area
  management and governance, and set up a related
  database, taking into account the IUCN-WCPA
  framework for evaluating management
  effectiveness, and other relevant methodologies,
  which should be adapted to local conditions.
• 4.2.2 Implement management effectiveness
  evaluations of at least 30 percent of each
  Partys protected areas by 2010 and of national
  protected area systems and, as appropriate,
  ecological networks.

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Suggested activities of the Parties

• 4.2.3 Include information resulting from
  evaluation of protected areas management
  effectiveness in national reports under the
  Convention on Biological Diversity.
• 4.2.4 Implement key recommendations arising from
  site- and system-level management effectiveness
  evaluations, as an integral part of adaptive
  management strategies.

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The WCPA Framework

• Working group established with WCPA in 1996
• Draft framework developed in 1997
• Task Force established in 1998 with broad
  regional and organisational representation
• Partnership with IUCN/WWF Forest Innovations
  project
• Workshops, pilot studies and reviews
• Launch of guidelines at World Conservation
  Congress in 2000
• Revised Guidelines published 2006

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Application of Framework
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WCPA assessment framework
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What are the three most important things to
measure when looking at management effectiveness?
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WCPA assessment framework
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Context

• Significance/Values
• Threats
• Vulnerability
• National policy
• Engagement of Partners

The context review, although not an analysis of
management, provides information that puts
management decisions into context and allows them
to be assessed based on biological, cultural and
political information.
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What are the important values of the site?

• Biophysical
• Biodiversity
• Ecological communities
• Ecological processes
• Geodiversity
• Geomorphological processes
• Other natural values

• Socio-economic
• Cultural heritage
• Indigenous
• Historic
• Religious
• Recreation
• Tourism
• Livelihoods
• Resources
• Jobs
• Education

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What are the type and severity of threats?
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What is the level of policy and funding support
from government?
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Who are the key stakeholders and what are their
interests?
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How information is used

• Information on values/significance and
  stresses/threats is used to help identify desired
  management outcomes by identifying or clarifying
  the key values to be protected at the site,
  threats to those values and hence providing a
  focus to the management of the site.
• Information on stakeholders/partners and their
  level of engagement is used to assess what
  impacts others are having at the site and whether
  more effective participation is needed or if new
  partnerships should be formed to support the
  sites management.
• Information on national context can assist in
  understanding how the broader policy and
  legislative context affects management of the
  site.

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WCPA assessment framework
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What is the legal status of the protected
area?
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Does the design of the site allow it to function
effectively?
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Does the site have clear management planning?
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How the information is used

• Information on legal status and design of sites
  can identify management constraints (and
  strengths) relating to the design of the
  protected area and its relationship with
  surrounding land use. While managers have limited
  capacity to change these characteristics, they
  can seek to overcome difficulties by compensatory
  management.
• Information on planning assesses whether planning
  instruments are sufficient to guide management of
  the site.

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WCPA assessment framework
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Has the Site got enough resources?
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How the information is used

• Information on the extent of resources available
  for management allows changes in staff and
  resource availability to be tracked over time.
• Estimation of need allows identification of
  shortfalls in staff, funds and equipment in
  relation to planned management activities. More
  objective estimations of needs can strengthen
  proposals for funding from government, donors and
  other sources of support.

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WCPA assessment framework
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Are management standards defined?
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How the information is used

• Adapting the rating system for process indicators
  can provide the opportunity for park managers and
  stakeholders to define the desired standards for
  management practices at the site.
• Rating these indicators provides an understanding
  of current management practices in the light of
  these standards and a means to measure
  improvement in management and progress in actions.

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WCPA assessment framework
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Has the management plan/work programme been
implemented?
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What are the results/outputs of site management?
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How the information is used

• Monitoring the implementation of the management
  plan or work program, which can identify where
  management is directing effort and what areas of
  management activity may be being neglected
• Measures of visitor use or other externally
  generated requirements can assist in
  understanding changing demands on park management.

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WCPA assessment framework
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Biodiversity health objectives
Overview of each target and a breakdown of
status and trends of individual indicators
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Threat abatement objectives
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Social and cultural and other objectives
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How the information is used

• Information on the status of key protected area
  values and the extent to which threats to these
  values have been controlled or removed (the most
  significant component of a management
  effectiveness evaluation)
• A basis for focussing monitoring programs on key
  issues and information needs
• Information on other aspects of management (e.g
  context, planning, input, process and output) can
  provide explanatory information that helps in
  interpreting outcomes and planning appropriate
  responses to problems identified in outcome
  assessment.

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• Questions?

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