The Russian Revolution

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The Russian Revolution
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Russia-Review
Russia Under the Czars
Byzantine Influence
Mongol Rule
Boyars
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The Romanovs

• Autocratic-ruled with unlimited power
• Resistant to Change
• Oppressive rule

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Alexander II 1856-1881

• Moves Russia toward modernization and social
  change
• Freed serfs
• Redistributed land

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Alexander III 1881-1894

• Halted all reforms made by his father
• Discouraged challenges to his rule by
• Censorship
• Secret Police
• Political Prisoners-sent to Siberia
• Pogroms-Jews

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Russian Pogroms

• 1871-1906
• Widespread anti-Semitism spread from Europe
• Organized violence against Jews broke out in many
  parts of Russia
• Alexander made Jews the target of persecution in
  Russia
• Police and soldiers stood by and watched Russian
  citizens loot and destroy Jewish homes,
  businesses, schools, and synagogues.

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The anti-Semitic violence of the Russian pogroms
drove millions of Jews out of the Russian Empire.
In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, people emigrated
to escape army conscription and ethnic tensions,
such as the forced assimilation of Hungary's
minority groups.
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Victims and survivors of a pogrom against the
Jews of Proskurov, Ukraine, during the civil war
that followed the Russian Revolution.
The word pogrom literally means "riot" in
Russian. Commonly, the term describes the
semi-official persecution of Jews in the Russian
Empire that began in the early 1880s. With their
situation in Russia basically hopeless, many
Jewish families left, the vast majority intent on
reaching America. Ultimately nearly two million
people emigrated.
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Fiddler on the Roof

• In your notebook copy down the question below and
  answer them as you view the video
• Who was being forced to leave Russia?
• Why were they being forced to leave Russia?
• What emotions were displayed by those who had to
  leave?
• Where did those affected by the pogroms migrate
  to? Why these places?
• What event does this prejudice foreshadow?

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The Romanovs

1. Who were the two Romanov leader we talked about
   yesterday?
2. List one thing about each.
3. One fact about Russian History.

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Nicholas II Alexandra 1894-1917

• Economic Growth
• Industrialization
• Trans-Siberian Railway
• Growth of revolutionary movements Why?
• Russo-Japanese War (1905)
• 1914 Russia enters WWI

(Nicholas War )
(Russo-Japanese War 123)
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Review Russo-Japanese War

• Cause-Imperialism
• In the late 1800s Russia and Japan were competing
  for territorial control of Manchuria and Korea
• Both nations signed agreements over the
  territories but Russia violated the treaties and
  Japan attacked (1904).
• News of Russian loses added to the unrest at
  home.

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Review Russia and WWI

• 1914-Czar Nicholas engages Russia into WWI
• Unprepared to handle the military and economic
  costs
• Weak troops and generals-lacked modern technology
• First year-4 million soldiers died
• Revolts on the home front forced the Czar to step
  down ending 300 years of Czarist rule in Russia

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Rasputin

• While Nicholas was dealing with WWI, Rasputin
  became an influential force in Russian policy
  making.
• Self-proclaimed holy man
• Mysterious healing powers-Seemed to be the only
  person who could heal the heir to the throne
  (hemophilia)
• To show gratitude Czarina allowed him to make key
  political decisions
• Murder 1916 by a group of nobles who feared his
  increasing role in government affairs

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Rasputin
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The Rise of the Bolsheviks

• Warm-Up
• Briefly describe the demise of the Romanovs.
• Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks?
• What made this leader a revolutionary? (Look at
  Question 10 from yesterdays video sheet)

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Todays Special Russian Revolution! Ingredients
Czarist Rule Russo-Japanese War World War I Urban
Workers Peasant Unrest Ideas of Marx Leadership
of Lenin Bloody Sunday
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Bloody SundayJanuary 22, 1905
Bloody Sunday 112

• St. Petersburg-Czars Winter Palace
• 200,000 workers gathered asking for better
  working conditions
• Czars generals fired on the unarmed crowd
• More than 1,000 were wounded and several hundred
  killed

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• Impact of Bloody Sunday

• Why were Russians outraged?
• Led to creation of the Duma-Russias first
  Parliament
• Dumas intent-Move Russia towards Constitutional
  Monarchy such as Britain.
• Czar dissolved the Duma after 10 weeks. Why?

   
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The March Revolution
(1905 Factory Strike 102)
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The March Revolution

• March, 1917
• 200,000 workers called for the Czar to step down
• Soldiers sided with the protesters-created
  general uprising
• Czar Nicholas steps down
• A year later revolutionaries murder Czar and
  family-end of 300 year czarist rule
• Duma creates provisional government

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• Lenin
• Marxism-ideology that followed ideas of Karl
  Marx. Main idea working class (proletariat)
  would overthrow the Czar and the working class
  would rule.
• Exiled to Germany-Studies Marxism
• Returns to Russia-1917 after Czar steps down
• Leader of Bolsheviks-Bolsheviks a radical
  revolutionary group who were willing to sacrifice
  everything for change
• Motto Peace, Land, Bread

Lenin the Bolsheviks 226
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Bolshevik RevolutionA.K.A. The November
Revolution

• November 1917-armed factory workers overthrew
  provisional government
• Within days, Lenin and Bolsheviks seized power
• Lenin redistributed all farmland to the peasants
• The Bolshevik Government signed a treaty with
  Germany (Brest-Litovsk) and Russia withdrew from
  WWI
• Bolsheviks murdered the Royal family

Lenin Takes Control 501
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Russian Civil War

• The treaty angered many Russians as it was
  humiliating to them-it gave large portions of
  their territory to Germany
• Many Russians were also angered by the way in
  which the Bolsheviks assumed power and at their
  policies
• Angered Russian citizens and factions developed
  (one for reestablishment of Czar others for
  Bolsheviks)
• 14 million Russians died
• 3 year engagement
• Bolsheviks win-Red Army (lead for a time by Leon
  Trotsky)
• The Bolsheviks new challenge was to eliminate
  their enemies at home.

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Civil War
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Changes
Lenins Rebuilding of Russia 236

• Lenin restores Russian economy (NEP New Economic
  Policy-peasants could sell surplus crops, some
  private ownership, and encouraged foreign
  investment)
• Rename Bolsheviks the Communist Party
• Rename Russia-USSR (Soviet Union)
• Lenin has stroke (1922)
• Power struggle between Leon Trotsky and Joseph
  Stalin
• Stalin wins and rules as dictator

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Check Point
Working Conditions
Rise of Bolsheviks
The Russian Revolution
Poverty
Land
Social Structure
WWI
Czarist Rule
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Title Stalin
Stalin and Communist Dictatorship
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Totalitarianism

• A government that takes total, centralized, state
  control over every aspect of public and private
  life.
• Key traits of a totalitarianism
• Ideology
• Dynamic Leader
• Dictatorship and One-Party Rule
• State Control of Society
• Modern Technology
• Methods of Enforcement
• State Control of Individuals

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JOSEPH STALIN

• Rise to Power
• Between 1922 and1927 worked his way to head of
  govt. Used ruthless tactics.
• Gets rid of rival Trotsky
• Eliminates all other enemies
• Builds a totalitarian state
• Women gain equal rights

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• 5 Year Plans- plans to increase HEAVY industry-
  quotes too high leads to shortages!

• Collective Farms Cause resistance among Kulaks
  (wealthy farmers) but SOME increase in
  agriculture

• Great Purge 1934- eliminates anyone who
  threatens his power- uses terror.

• Forced Famine in Ukraine- crush resistance to
  collectivization- 7-10 million die!

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Stalins Legacy

Stalin 2128

• By the mid-1930s, Stalin transformed the Soviet
  Union into a political and industrial giant.
• Command Economy-government made all economic
  decisions
• He stood unopposed as dictator of his
  totalitarian state
• Total social control was achieved by terror
• Goes down in history as one of the worlds worst
  tyrants (kills millions of Russians whom he sees
  as a threat)
• Many believe that Stalin was paranoid-schizophreni
  c