Korea Meteorological Administration

1
Perspectives of APAN For the next Generation GTS
of WMO

• 2003. 1. 22
• Korea Meteorological Administration
• Dongil Lee

2
Contents

1. Understanding the needs
2. Global Telecommunication System (GTS)
3. Future WMO Information System
4. Future Plan

3
World Meteorological Organization(187members)
DATA CONVEYORS Global Telecommunication System GTS

DATA PRODUCERS Global Observing System GOS
DATA USERS Global Data Processing System GDPS
 
4
GOS Observation to understand the current weather
5
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6
GOS(Global Observing System)

• to understand the current weather
• satellite, aircraft, wind profiler, buoy, etc
• international data exchange

7
Real Time Data Exchange via GTS
8
GDPS
Pre Processing
Encoding
Decoding
Data Ass.
Q.C.
Numerical Model
Analysis Chart
Objective Ana.
NWP Global Regional
Post Processing
Graphics
Prog. Index
Statistical Model
charts
Forecast Guidance
Indexs
9
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10
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11
Numerical Model

• Initial Data
• Data Assimilation to improve the initial data
  quality
• Ensemble Forecast to reduce the uncertainty of
  N.M.

• ????

12
Output Examples
????? ????
????
Meteogram
????
13
Output Examples
Kalman Filter
Perfect Prog Method
Dynamic Linear
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15

• To improve the accuracy of weather forecast
• improve the initial data using satellite,
  radar, etc..
• reduce the uncertainty of numerical model
• To achieve this goals, we need
• more observation data and model
  results

Source FSU, U.S.A.
16

• II. Current GTS(Global Telecommunication System)
• integrated Network ( point-to-point, multi-point
  circuit )
• combination of terrestrial and satellite
  telecommunication link
• for data distribution ( point-to-point,
  point-to-multi-point circuit)
• for data collection ( multi-point-to-point,
  two-way multi-point circuit)
• Three level basis
• MTN Main Telecommunication Network
• network among 3 WMCs and 15 RTHs for the
  global data exchange
• RMTNs Regional Meteorological Telecommunication
  Networks
• for the 6 regions (Africa, Asia, South
  America, NorthCentral America,
• South-West Pacific, Europe), for the
  regional data exchange
• NMTNs National Meteorological Telecommunication
  Networks
• for the national data exchange
• WMC World Meteorological Center
• Melbourne, Moscow, Washington
• RTHs Regional Telecommunication Hubs
• Algiers, Beijing, Bracknell, Brasilia,
  Buenos Aires, Cairo, Dakar, Jeddah,
• Nairobi, New Delhi, Offenbach,
  Toulouse, Prague, Sofia, Tokyo

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• Data Exchange with Satellite
• geostationary or near-polar orbiting
  satellite
• Marine data(ARGOS etc)
• International Maritime Mobile Service
• INMASAT
• Meteorological Satellite
• Meteorological Data Distribution(MDD) of
  METEOSAT
• Communication Satellite
• RETIM or FAX-E via EUTELSAT point-to-point
• Countries
• Argentina, Canada, China, France, India,
  Indonesia, Mexico,
• Saudi Arabia, Thailand, USA
• Data Exchange with Internet
• New Delhi - Melbourne, New Delhi-Muscat
• From the new data source(aircraft, satellite,
  wind-profiler etc)

19
GTS Main Telecommunication Network
   
64
24/8
64
Moscow
Offenbach
Bracknell
64
32/32
32/32
48/ 48
4.8
128/64
Prague
19.2
Toulouse
Beijing
9.6
8
Tokyo
Washington
64
Sofia
9.6
Algiers
9.6
9.6
Cairo
New Delhi
0.1
Jeddah
Dakar
64
9.6
64
64
64
Nairobi
Brasilia
Buenos Aires
RTH
Melbourne
WMC / RTH
Source report from RA II, WMO
Speeds in kbit/sec
       
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Washington
Moscow
64k
64k
Novosibirsk
Khabarovsk
7 200
19 200
64k
Almaty
7.2k - 28.8k-V.34
14 400
NI
9 600
9 600
Bishkek
75
9 600
7 200
9 600
Tokyo
PyongYang
100
Tashkent
Ulaanbaatar
Ashgabad
Offenbach
100
75
75
75
FR 64k (CIR32k)
Baghdad
NI
Dushanbe
NI
NI
Tehran
50
Beijing
NI
Offenbach
64k
64k
FR 64k (CIR16k)
2 400
Kabul
7 200
4 800
Kathmandu
Seoul
9 600
Kuwait
50
NI
64k
100
100
Karachi
50
FR 64k (CIR16k)
64k
9 600
New Delhi
50
Bahrain
1200
Jeddah
Hong Kong
75
75
Doha
1200
200
NI
NI
Moscow
50
1200
Macao
2 400
Emirates
Dhaka
Internet
200
9600
100
100
Hanoi
Muscat
100
Algiers
Cairo
NI
Manila
50
Sanaa
Vientiane
Colombo
75
9 600
Internet
FR 64k (CIR16k)
Cairo
Yangon
50
200
64k
Male
50
1 200
64k
Melbourne
200
Bangkok

RTH
75
Phnom Penh

NI
NMC
Melbourne
1 200
2 400
NI Not implemented NO Not operational
Kuala Lumpur
Singapore
Centre in other region
MTN circuit
Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network
for Region II (Asia) point-to-point circuits
implementation (transmission speed in bit/s)
additional circuit
Regional circuit
26/VIII/2002
Source report from RAII, WMO
Interregional circuit
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Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network
for Region VI (Europe)Figure 1 - point-to-point
circuits implementation (transmission speed in
kilobit/s)
New Delhi
Beijing
24/8
Sondre Stormfjord
Helsinki
N/O
4.8
64
Oslo
Reykjavik
Khabarovsk
64
9.6
16
24/8
Tallinn
7.2-28.8
16/8
Norrköping
16
64
Moscow
Riga
Novosibirsk
8
Copenhagen
7.2
16
16/8
Vilnius
16
Dublin
Tashkent
19.2
48
Beijing
32
19.2
Warsaw
Almaty
14.4
Minsk
De Bilt
0.1
24
16/8
NI
Hanoi
Bracknell
16/64
9.6
64
64
ECMWF
Tehran
16
Prague
Washington
Kiev
9.6
32
Offenbach
Brussels
NI
Bratislava
9.6
128/16
128/64
0.2
Kishenev
8
Cairo
256/128
16/48
48/24
19.2
Zurich
Vienna
Budapest
9.6
32/96
64/16
19.2
NI
64
Bucharest
48
64/8
9.6
64/8
NI
Tbilisi
Melbourne
Ljubljana
9.6
16
Toulouse
Zagreb
9.6
8/32
9.6
32/64
Belgrade
16
Nairobi
N/O
Yerevan
32
Sofia
8/16
8
Skopje
Lisbon
Madrid
Jeddah
Baku
NI
0.05
Tirana
9.6
9.6
64
NI
Rome
N/O
32/8
9.6
N/O
N/O
Casablanca
Ankara
0.05
Athens
8

Larnaca
0.1
RTH
0.05
2.4
8
Dakar
64
2.4
0.05

NI
NMC
Algiers
Beirut
16
Malta
Tripoli
Tunis
Nairobi
Damascus
Centre in other region
Bet Dagan
14.4
16/8
MTN circuit
NI
Amman
RMDCN Committed Information Rate
The RMDCN circuit Helsinki - Tallinn is not
yet in the RTMN plan, but replaces the
former GTS connection of Tallinn
Regional circuit
Interregional circuit
3..IX..2002
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NWSTG Data Flow Diagram
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• GTS
• To meet a diverse set of requirements.
• Operational private network for Routine
  collection of observed data ,Automatic
• dissemination of scheduled products
  real-time high priority data
• - mature, well tested and operated according
  to well-defined procedures and
• shared responsibilities
• GTS has been adapting itself to the changing
  requirements and available
• technology
• data rate 50, 75 baud
  64, 128kbps
• dominant protocol asynchronous
  X.25, Frame Relay, TCP/IP
• contents character data
  any type of data
• Implementation of message switching, HF
  radio broadcasting,
• 
  low and high speed satellite broadcasting
• Problems
• lack of capacity to meet the new requirements
  of WWW and other programmes
• of WMO
• lack of flexibility to meet different types of
  requirements
• need more observation data for GDPS
• incompatibilities, inefficiencies, duplication
  of effort and higher costs for

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Data is increasing. For one center
25
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Example of data usage for global model
26

• Problems of GTS
• Use of proprietary high level protocols that are
  not supported by the marketplace
• Volume restrictions preclude the transmission of
  satellite imagery, as well as video
• and other high volume data sets(in the order of
  gigabytes or terabytes)
• Lack of support for a request/reply system
  providing ad-hoc access to the data and
• products available for international exchange.
• Inability to facilitate information insertion and
  distribution to programmes and public
• and other clients beyond the meteorological
  community
• Inability to rapidly(i.e. routinely
  near-real-time) identify where data losses are
• occurring and undertake remedial action.
• Inability to easily accommodate requirements that
  include short periods of high
• volume traffic followed by lengthy periods of
  low or no traffic.
• Inadequate product identification and metadata
  leading to duplication and
• uncertainty of contents

27

• III. Future WMO Information System
• FWIS should provide an integrated approach to
  meeting the requirements of
• Routine collection of observed data
• Automatic dissemination of scheduled products,
  both real- and non-real-time
• Ad-hoc non-routine applications(e.g. requests
  for non-routine data and products )
• The system should be
• Reliable
• Cost effective and affordable for developing as
  well as developed Members
• Technologically sustainable and appropriate to
  local expertise
• Modular and scalable
• Flexible able to adjust to changing
  requirements and allow dissemination of products
• from diverse data sources
• The system should also support
• Different user groups and access policies
• Integration of diverse datasets
• Data as well as network security

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General Considerations

• The WMOs future information system will include
  the capability for ad hoc requests as well as
  routine distribution of meteorological and
  related datasets and information
• The WMOs future information system will include
  a dataset catalogue that will enable users to
  locate the meteorological and related data and
  products that they require
• The WMOs future information system will conform
  to open, global standards to the greatest extent
  possible.
• In developing the WMOs future information system
  attention should be given to include open source
  code components as alternatives to proprietary,
  or member written component applications.
• In acquiring communications bandwidth
  consideration will be given to all technically
  viable alternatives for providing the bandwidth
  in the most cost effective manner. Such
  alternatives will include, inter alia,
  consideration of the public Internet, private
  leased lines and satellite broadcast. These will
  be managed and funded through national or
  bilateral agreements, regional consortia and
  possibly a global consortium for bandwidth
  leasing.
• Technical, as well as organizational
  considerations will determine the topology of the
  WMOs future information system. Logical topology
  is different than the current GTS
• The WMOs future information system will include
  the capability to move large files from sender to
  recipient without having to comply with
  predetermined routing maintained through message
  switches.

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• Basic concepts of FWIS
• Highly reliable and timely delivery of data and
  products
• Data Collection Internet
• e-mail
• high speed Internet
• data Dissemination Satellite communication
• Basic Methods satellite broadcasting
• RA IIIIV ISCS STAR4
• RA VWest of RAII EMWIN and SADIS
• RA I MSG PUMA project as well as SADIS
• Push systems are the most appropriate approach
  for both the routine collection of
• observations and the routine dissemination
  of observations and other products
• Distribution of ad hoc non-routine products
  should be accomplished via request/reply
• or pull systems

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FWIS relationship to WMO Programmes
Current WMO Information Systems
31

• FWIS Structure
• GISC Global Information System Center (10
  20)
• DCPC Data Collection or Product Center
• NC National Center

32
Data Collection
Data Distribution
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Global Information System Center
a.Collect observational data and products that
are intended for global exchange from national
centres within their area of responsibility,
reformat as necessary and aggregate into products
that cover their responsible area b.Collect
information that is intended for global exchange
from Data Collection or Product Centres within
their area of responsibility c.Receive
information intended for global exchange from
other Global Information Systems Centres
d.Disseminate the entire set of data and
products agreed by WMO for routine global
exchange (this dissemination can be via any
combination of the Internet, satellite,
multicasting, etc. as appropriate to meet the
needs of Members that require its
products) e.Hold the entire set of data and
products agreed by WMO for routine global
exchange and make it available via WMO
request/reply (Pull) mechanisms f. Describe its
products according to an agreed WMO standard and
provide access to this catalogue of
products g. Provide around-the-clock connectivity
to the public and private networks at a bandwidth
that is sufficient to meet its global and
regional responsibilities. h. Provide facilities
to collect observations from and deliver products
to all NMHS within its area of responsibility i. E
nsure that they have procedures and arrangements
in place to provide swift recovery or backup of
their essential services in the event of an
outage (due to, for example, fire or a natural
disaster). j.  May perform the functions of a
Data Collection or Product Centre and/or a
National Centre.
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Data Collection or Product Centres Several dozen
centres would serve as Data Collection or Product
Centres (DCPC). Existing World Meteorological
Centres and Regional/Specialized Meteorological
Centres would function as DCPCs. However, many
additional centres would also serve as DCPCs.
This would include suppliers of special
observations (e.g. ARGOS, ARINC), research
projects, and centres producing products related
to a specific discipline. DCPCs would a. 
Collect special programme-related data and
products as appropriate b.  Collect information
intended for dissemination only to NMHS within
its area of responsibility (i.e. regional
collections) c.   Produce agreed data and
products d.   Provide information intended for
global exchange to their responsible Global
Information System Centre e.   Disseminate
information not intended for global exchange in
whatever manner is agreed upon between the centre
and the users of the product f.    Provide
facilities to collect observations from and
disseminate products to the least developed NMCs
within its area of responsibility (e.g. via
e-mail) g.   Support access to its products via
WMO request/reply (Pull) mechanisms in an
appropriate manner (i.e. dynamically-generated
products would require around-the-clock
connectivity to the Internet) h.   Describe its
products according to an agreed WMO standard and
provide access to this catalogue of products or
provide this information to another centre with
this responsibility (e.g. a GISC) i.     Ensure
that they have procedures and arrangements in
place to provide swift recovery or backup of
their essential services in the event of an
outage (due to, for example, fire or a natural
disaster). j.     May perform the functions of a
National Centre
36
National Centres National Centres would form the
foundation of the Future WMO Information System.
Many National Centres would be part of an NMHS
but others would have national responsibility for
functions falling within WMO Programmes but
located outside of the NMHS. The participation
of the centres would be coordinated through the
national Permanent Representative to WMO.
National Centres would a.      Collect
observational data from within their
country b.      Provide observations and products
intended for global dissemination to their
responsible GISC c.       Provide observations
and products intended for regional distribution
to the responsible DCPC d.      Collect, generate
and disseminate products for national use  
37

• FWIS techniques and pilot projects
• XML Extensible Mark-up Language ( BUFR, WEB,
  CREX )
• The Internet
• Open-Source software Linux, GNU
• Unidata IDD UCAR, the Internet Data
  Distribution(IDD) system
• - since 1995, providing the real time data to
  150 universities
• - IDD has Store and Forward hierarchy of
  data flow
• MED-HYCOS Mediterranean Hydrological Cycle
  Observing System
• UNIDART Uniform Data Request Interface
• MDiS Multicast-enable platform for distribution
• - based on MTP/SO (RFC1301) and provides a
  socket style programming interface
• AFD Automatic File distributor, DWD
• - FTP, SMTP, log, user interface,
  Multicasting
• Web-Werdis ( Web-weather Request and
  Distribution System )
• Further Development
• Development of the catalogue of products (
  highest priority )
• Proof of concept through pilot tests
• Upgrade of the GTS

38

• Recommended steps toward implementation
• Catalogue of products
• Development of a WMO directory-level metadata
  standard Dec. 2001
• Design, development and implementation of a
  pilot catalogue
• as a proof of concept
  
  Sep. 2002
• Progress report to CBS
  
  Dec. 2002
• Implementation of prototype at multiple centers,
  including
• support for request/reply service at
  limited level
  2004
• First operational implementation
  
  2006
• Review requirement for continued use of WMO Pub.
  9, Volume C 2007
• Pilot tests
• Evaluate results of pilot tests
  
  Sep . 2002
• Evolution of GTS into future WMO communication
  system
• Improvements to telecommunication, providing
  increased bandwidth
• and TCP/IP services
  
  ongoing
• Selection and approval of technologies for
  routine dissemination for

39

• Current Pilot Project
• CliWare Project
• UK-DWD pilot project (LDM test)
• RA VI Virtual GISC
• METGIS
• Unidata IDD
• - IDD LDM
• Simple meteorological display system
• - METGIS from South Africa, METCAP from Turkey,
  
• EMWIN custom browser from USA
• - PUMA workstation in every NMHS in Africa
• UNIDART
• -request/reply capability
• There is no pilot project in ASIA..

40
Example Proposal for RA-VI(Offer supported by
DWD, Met Office and Météo France)
Virtual GISC DWD, Met Office, Météo France
(RTH and RSMC) DCPCs ECMWF, EUMETSAT
Virtual GISC
41
Some concerns - reliable and continuous
connectivity - sufficient bandwidth to handle
peak-period data transmission - responsive
delivery of time-critical information - a secure
networking environment Long term testing of
Internet capabilities and advanced
methodologies(e.g. IPv6, QoS) that promise to
provide a secure network and predictable
performance
42

• Current KMA status
• Internet
• ISP 100Mbps, HPCNet 2 x 2Mbps
• KOREN (155Mbps 1Gbps) - APIITEIN
• Satellite communication
• Multi purpose satellite at 2008
• OBCOM

43

• Current and Future Plan to use APAN
• APAN is important Infrastructure to exchange data
  and
• develop basic techniques for FWIS
• KMA is collecting the Global Model data,
  observation data(satellite, ocean,
• aircraft) from U.S.A. routinely
• KMA is exchanging the global model data with
  several centers
• KMA is leading and involving some WMO projects
  ( APCN, ARGOS,
• WAMIS )
• KMA- JMA will exchange the ensemble data with
  Internet
• KMA will receive the EU Met Satellite from DWD
  Data via TEIN
• - contents will be expanded
• KMA will provide 2 Weather Radar data to USA on
  the near-real time base
• KMA will adopt the GRID concept for the
  request/reply to exchange data
• KMA wants to improve the network security, QoS
  and IPv6 of FWIS with APAN

44
Working Frame
KMA
? ? ?

• National Frame

APCN FWIS WAMIS WMO cluster Met Sat
e-Science e-Science e-Science e-Science e-Science
Grid ? GFK Grid ? GFK Grid ? GFK Grid ? GFK Grid ? GFK
International Infra APAN, TEIN, ... International Infra APAN, TEIN, ... International Infra APAN, TEIN, ... International Infra APAN, TEIN, ... International Infra APAN, TEIN, ...
National Infra KOREN, Kreonet, HPCNet National Infra KOREN, Kreonet, HPCNet National Infra KOREN, Kreonet, HPCNet National Infra KOREN, Kreonet, HPCNet National Infra KOREN, Kreonet, HPCNet

• International Frame

WMO/CBS - GTS, GDPS CAgM - CAS
RAII
WMO/CBS - GTS, GDPS CAgM - CAS
RAII
KMA GFK, APAN-KR
??? GFK, APAN-KR
JMA, NWS, DWD, BOM, CMA, etc
??? ?? ??,??,??,??,??
GGF APAN
GGF APAN
45
?? ?? ??
Thank you Super Computer Center/KMA Lee,
Dongil ldi_at_kma.go.kr