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Strategies for Sustainable Energy Supply in the
Cities of Latin America
F o r o I n t e r n a c i o n a l Bogotá -
Berlin - Bejing Challenges and Solutions for
Megacities Bogota, 2nd October 2008 Dr. Volker
Stelzer ITAS Institute for Technical
Estimation and System Analysis (ITAS)
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Content

• Content
• Energy
• Dangers and sideeffects
• Possible solutions
• Final suggestions

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Energy
Energy Energy from the environment that is
converted by technology for human needs

• Function of energy
• Mechanical energy (e.g. transportation,
  machines, communication)
• Light
• Heat (e.g. for production processes, houses)
• Cold (e.g. refrigerators, houses, chemical
  industry)
• Save human energy
• Income for a part of the economy
• Income for a part the population

• Reaching sustainability goals
• Protection of human health
• Ensuring the satisfaction of basic needs
• Sustainable development of man-made capital

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Dangers

• What are the dangers for a save energy
  availability?
• Accessibility (household)
• Amount (High costs, short running of energy
  source, political intervention)
• Interruption of the energy supply (weather,
  political intervention, accidents, failure of
  infrastructure)
• Negative sideeffects from energy use
• Destruction of the environments (e.g. opencast
  mines, petroleum conveyers, masts, dams)
• Producing (environment) toxicological substances
  (e.g. SO2, NOX, radioactivity, VOC, PM 2.5, CO2,
  CH4, N2O)
• Costs for the city
• Costs for the economy
• Costs for citizens

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Solutions I

• How is it possible to implement a save,
  sufficient and flexible energy supply system with
  little negative effects?
• Energy efficiency in Household, Industry,
  traffic
• Urban planing
• Behaviour
• Built up big fossil or atomic power plants
  advantage High amount of energy,
  disadvantages low efficiency, high risk when
  having problems, maybe high future costs for
  the public sector (rising prices, inflexibility
  of raw material, short running of energy raw
  material)
• Decentralization of the energy production
  (production places, sources for
• the energy / row material)
• Local resources (e.g. sludge, organic waste,
  green space, roofs)
• Renewable energy (sun, wind, hydro, ocean,
  geothermal)
• Energy storage
• Build up an efficient energy net
• Modern energy management
• Realistic view of the following effects and
  costs (including the waste treatment,
  possible accidents, costs for the government)

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Solutions II

• Reasons for state intervention
• Ever there are people that have a benefit from
  the existence of the old system. Often this
  groups take al there influence that the new
  system will not be realised.
• The costs for a new system normally are higher
  than of an existing system
• The user often are accustomed at the old system
• Measures
• Exact analysis of the local situation including
  realistic prognosis or scenarios of at least 10
  years (energy demand, energy efficiency
  potential, local resources for energy production
  and -storage )
• Research in new energy technologies and solutions
• Propaganda
• Education
• Competitions

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Final suggestions

• What is to do to create a sustainable and modern
  energy situation
• Realistic analysis of the local situation
• Promote energy efficiency
• Use local renewable Energy sources
• The rest with renewables from larger distances
  and from fossil sources (but with highest energy
  efficiency and reduction of toxic emissions)
• Help of the government is necessary

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Thank you for your attention
For more information stelzer_at_itas.fzk.de and
http//www.risk-habitat-megacity.ufz.de/