Community Development Tourism as a Sustainable Alternative

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Community Development Tourism as a Sustainable
Alternative

• Emily McIntyre

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Agenda

• Introduction
• Sustainability and Community-based Tourism
• Case Study Operation Wallacea, Indonesia
• Stakeholder Involvement and Participation
• Collaboration and Partnerships
• Stakeholder Activity
• Benefits of Community-based Tourism
• Obstacles to Community-based Tourism
• Recommendations for the Future
• Conclusion

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Introduction
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Sustainability and Community-based Tourism

• Empowering Communities
• Providing Opportunities
• Grassroots involvement
• Democracy and Holistic Planning
• Break free from the destructive influences of
  mass tourism
• Regard for Socio-cultural and economic conditions
• Treated as subjects, and not objects

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Operation Wallacea, Indonesia

• Stakeholder involvement in processes
• Traditional knowledge and cultural variables
• Education in Resource management and English
• Radio Announcements
• Work with Non-profit FORKANI
• Environmental and Cultural preservation
• Initiatives to spread the income

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Doxeys Irridex
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Stakeholder Involvement and Participation

• Local Control
• All voices should be heard
• Stakeholders involved in all processes from the
  beginning
• Indigenous systems are often more sustainable
  (Sharpley and Telfer, 2002)
• Harmonized with cultural traditions
• Community cohesion and cooperation

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Collaboration and Partnerships

• Lack of coordination in developing countries
• Collaborative effort is necessary for success in
  developing tourism
• Private, Public and Government Agencies
• Cross-border Cooperation
• Co-management as a solution to share resources
  (Plummer and Fitzgibbon, 2004)
• Collaboration under Sustainable Development
• Debate How may partnerships be a benficial? A
  barrier?

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Partnerships (Bramwell and Lane, 2000)

• Benefits
• -Range of stakeholders involved for change and
  improvements
•  -Democracy
•  -Social acceptance
•  -Coordination of policies
•  - Importance of non-economic issues
•  -Pooling of resources
•  -Non-tourism activities may be encouraged

• Barriers
• -Limited tradition of stakeholders participating
  in policy making
• -Difficult for equal representation
•  -Healthy conflict may be stifled
•  -Collaborative efforts may be under-resourced
•   -May block innovation
•  -Costly time consuming
•  

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Benefits of Community-based Tourism

• Higher degree of local participation
• Community-friendly destinations
• Infrastructure development
• Local products and labour
• Raises community-awareness
• Economic benefits

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Obstacles to Community-based Tourism

• Traditional views of Power concentration
• Political power or coercion
• Role of Women
• Inadequate local expertise in tourism
• A sense of inadequacy
• Economic Issues

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Recommendations for the Future
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Conclusion

• Community-based tourism provides a more
  sustainable alternative than mass tourism
• Role of Community leaders
• Continual monitoring and management
• Potential for Political, Social, Economic and
  Psychological empowerment
• Acheives sustainability, harmony and cultural
  integrity

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Questions

• How may partnerships be a barrier to these
  communities?

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References

• Bramwell, B. and Lane, B. (2000). Tourism
  Collaboration and Partnerships Politics,
  Practice and Sustainability. Great Britain
  Biddles Ltd.
• Jamal, T. and Getz, D. (1995). Collaboration
  theory and Community Tourism Planning. Annals of
  Tourism Research 22 (1), 186-204.
• Plummer, R. and Fitzgibbon, J. (2004).
  Co-Management of Natural Resources A Proposed
  Framework. Environmental Management 33 (6),
  876-885.
• Sharpley, R. and Telfer, D. (2002). Tourism and
  Development Concepts and Issues. Clevedon
  Channel View Publications.