John Adams Second President

1
John AdamsSecond President

• (1797 1801)
• FEDERALIST

2
Vice-President(1789 1797)
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1796 ElectionThe Winners

• Adams (Federalists) became President
• Sectionalism is a problem
• South was pro-Jefferson
• North was pro-Adams

Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican) Jefferson
became Vice-President Nickname The American
Sphinx First divided government in US history.
4
Death of Washington

• American icon dies
• Buried at Mount Vernon
• His death improves the relationship with France.
• Capital named for him in the District of Columbia

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X Y Z Affair

• Adams sent negotiators to France
• Goal to end the impressment of sailors and
  stopping the seizure of American ships.
• Three (X,Y, Z) French negotiators requested a
  bribe and our peace delegation refused.

6
Adams AdministrationQuasi War with France

• Undeclared war with France
• Slogan
• millions for defense not one cent for tribute
• Father of the Navy
• Maintained U.S. neutrality

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Adams Administration

• Alien Act 1798
• - Aimed to keep out immigrants.
• Sedition Act 1798
• - Aimed to stop any anti-Federalist propaganda in
  newspapers
• Goal
• 1)Prevent Jeffersons Democratic-Republicans
  editors from printing articles in newspapers
  about Federalists.
• 2) Keep new immigrants from voting.

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Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

• Virginia Kentucky Resolutions
• states rights
• Nullification
• Dem.-Republicans believed that the states
  declared laws unconstitutional.
• Federalist believed Supreme Court declared laws
  unconstitutional

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Virginia Resolutions(James Madison)

• The Alien and Sedition Acts violated the
  Constitution and the states had the right to
  interpose their authority on them.

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Kentucky Resolutions

• Jefferson declared the acts void and of no
  force.
• States rights theory or states could determine
  the legality of acts of Congress and nullify them.

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Judiciary Act of 1801

• Federalist goal
• to stack the federal courts with Federalist
  judges after Jefferson won the 1800 Election.
• Called midnight judges

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John Marshall(Federalist)

• John Marshall becomes the Chief Justice of the
  Supreme Court (1801 -1835)
• All Court decision favor the NATIONAL GOVERNMENT
  over the states.

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Marshall CourtMarbury v. Madison (1803)

• Establishes the concept of judicial review or the
  Supreme Court determines if a law is
  constitutional or not.

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John Marshall

• Mc Culloch v. Maryland(1819)
• Establishes that supremacy of the national
  government and that the Bank of the US is
  constitutional.

15
John Marshall

• Gibbons v. Ogden
• (1819)
• Reaffirmed that Congress has the delegated power
  of interstate commerce.

16
1800 Campaign

• Hamilton destroys Adams chances to win
  re-election by having a pamphlet published about
  him (Splits the Federalists).
• Mudslinging
• Adams- pictured as a big spender and wanted to
  turn the executive into a British style monarchy
  (expanded the federal debt to build up military)
• Jefferson- an atheist bent on destroying
  organized religion, immoral (Sally Hemming
  affair), and dangerous radical.

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1800 ElectionThe So-Called Revolution of 1800

• Jefferson and Aaron Burr end up tied in the
  Electoral College vote.
• Election thrown into the House of Representatives
  (HORS).

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1800 Election The Twelfth Amendment

• In 1801, to correct the tie Electoral College
  votes of the 1796 and 1800 elections an amendment
  was added to the Constitution.
• 1. Candidates must declare for one office either
  president or vice-president.
• 2. Only people from the same political party
  could be president and vice-president.

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Peaceful TransitionFirst Inaugural Address

• On March 3, 1801, John Adams peacefully left the
  White House and turned over the Presidency to
• We are all Republicans we are all Federalists.