RELATIVE

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• RELATIVE
• PRONOUNS

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What is a relative pronoun?

• A pronoun that introduces a subordinate clause
  and connects that clause with some preceding noun
  or pronoun.
• The relative pronoun relates or refers a
  descriptive phrase to a noun or pronoun.

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IN ENGLISH

• WHO Refers to persons
• WHICH Refers to things
• THAT Refers to both
• WHAT

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Exempli Gratia

• The boy who lives next door, collects stamps.
• The word boy is the antecedent or the word which
  is being described or referred to in the clause.
• Who is the pronoun that relates or refers the
  antecedent to the subordinate or descriptive
  clause.

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• NB The subordinate clause acts like an
  adjective. It describes the antecedent.
• In English, which and that do not change form to
  indicate case. But, who does
• nominative (subject) - who
• possessive - whose
• objective - whom
• These forms are used for both singular and plural.

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Plurum exemplorum gratia

• I saw the queen who rules Britain.
• The boy whose book I have is our friend.
• You saw the man to whom I gave the book.
• The town that he saw was small.
• The schools from which we came were large.
• Enemies were the men with whom you used to battle.

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IN LATINSINGULAR
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PLURAL
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ANTECEDENT PRONOUN CLAUSE

• The relative pronoun agrees with the antecedent
  in gender and number, but the case of the
  relative pronoun depends on its use in the
  subordinate clause

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EXEMPLI GRATIA

• I saw the queen who rules Britain.
• Vidi reginam quae Brittaniam regit.
• The boy whose book I have is our friend.
• Puer cuius librum habeo est amicus noster.
• You saw the man to whom I gave the book.
• Virum cui librum dedi vidisti.

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• The town that he saw was small.
• Oppidum quod vidit erat parvum.
• The schools from which we came were large.
• Ludi ex quibus venimus erant magni.
• Enemies were the men with whom you used to
  battle.
• Inimici erant viri quibuscum pugnabatis.