Personality

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Personality Personality can only be understood
holistically- within a context of the person and
their environment.
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Environmental Factors Family atmosphere
Interactions of family members, roles, etc
Family constellation An individuals
personality is shaped by how they interpret their
position in the family dynamic Parenting
style authoritarian, democratic Social
interest identification empathy with others
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Personality cont. Man is born helpless into this
world. This feeling of helplessness is reflective
of a sense of inferiority. Development is based
on the processes of striving for superiority and
coping with inferiority by seeking
mastery. Developmental tasks focus on the childs
attempt to master their environment and develop
mutual independence (Individual Psychology) and
social affiliation Independence and mastery are
developed through lifestyle and social interest
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Human personality is unified through the
development of a life goal Lifestyle The
characteristic way in which we move toward our
life goal No two people strive for superiority
in the same way - Some people develop artistic
talent, athletic, intellectual, etc.
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• Elements of Lifestyle
• Early Childhood recollections
• 2. Family Constellation - Birth Order
• 3. Personal Priorities - dominant behaviour
  pattern
• 4. Value and Belief Systems

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Positive Operation of the Personality The moment
we experience inferiority the striving for
superiority drives us. The extent to which the
individual can develop social interest and mutual
independence their feelings inferiority are
reduced.
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Dysfunctional Operation of the Personality Distur
bed children are pursing one of four mistaken
goals Attention attention seeking Power
exaggerated need to exercise power and
superiority Revenge feel hurt and victimized
goal to get even Inadequacy or withdrawal
inferiority complex
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Dysfunctional Personality Operation In
attempting to develop social interest and mutual
independence people often make mistakes in
judgment and value 1. Overgeneralization -
students are like that 2. False or impossible
goals 3. Misperceptions of life and lifes
demands 4. Denial of ones basic worth 5. Faulty
values
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Motivation Behaviour is directed at striving for
perfection and coping with inferiority by
striving for mastery, success and completion
through life goals and social interest A
persons behaviour is guided by fictional
finalism which refers to the imagined central
goal that guides our behaviour and gives unity to
the personality Example perfectionist, born
leader,
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Behavioural Change Clients need to identify and
change their mistaken beliefs about themselves
others and life Therapeutic Process The
therapeutic process includes forming a
relationship with the client based on mutual
respect and identifying, exploring and disclosing
mistaken goals and faulty assumptions within the
persons life style
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Therapeutic Goals 1. Foster social interest 2.
Help clients overcome feelings of discouragement
inferiority 3. Modify mistaken goals and
faulty assumptions 4. Change faulty motivation
5. Assist clients to feel a sense of equality
with others 6. Help clients to become a
contributing member of society
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Therapeutic Techniques Encouragement
encouragement is key to developing positive
expectations Natural Logical Consequences Natur
al consequences that are a direct result of a
persons behaviour if youre late coming for
snack there is none left Logical Consequence -
are established through rules and family policy-
they represent fair, direct, consistent and
logical results of the childs behaviour.
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Punishment an illogical consequence to a
irresponsible behaviour Usually only represents
issues of power and control
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Behaviour Management Techniques Choose
techniques that assist the child to deal with
feelings of inferiority and set realistic
goals Restructuring Regrouping Interest
boosting Hurdle help Logical consequences
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Programming Choose programming goals that assist
the child to deal with feelings of inferiority
and provide encouragement Program for
strengthening social skills Counselling
Counselling goals are the same as the actual
therapeutic goals and techniques