Personality

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Personality

• Social Cognitive approach

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Social Cognitive- Bandura

• understanding personality involves considering
  the situation and thoughts before, during, and
  after an event

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Albert Bandura (1925- )

• People learn by observing and modeling others or
  through reinforcement

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Social-Cognitive Approach to Personality

• personalities are created by both internal and
  environmental influences

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Social-Cognitive Approach to Personality

• Do we control our environment, or does the
  environment control us?

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Social-Cognitive Approach to Personality

• Internal locus of control means that we control
  our own destiny and behaviors
• External locus of control means that our
  personalities and behaviors are shaped by outside
  forces

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Social-Cognitive Approach to Personality

• Stresses conscious thought process. Self
  regulation and importance of situational
  influences.

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Social-Cognitive Approach to Personality

• Do you act/behave the same at home and at school?

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Social-Cognitive Approach to Personality

• Is your conscious thought different in
  situations?
• Is there a class you are acing? How do you
  feel?
• How about class you are failing?

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Social-Cognitive Approach to Personality

• People will actively process info from their
  social experience info will influence goals,
  expectations, beliefs, and behavior, as well as
  the specific environment they choose.

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Social-Cognitive Approach to Personality

• Relies heavily on experimental studies.
• Emphasizes cognitive mental process rather than
  unconsciousness
• Emphasizes that sense of self can
  changedepending on

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Social-Cognitive Approach to Personality

• Thoughts
• feelings
• and behaviors

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Reciprocal Determinism Three Factors Shape
Personality

• The mutual influences among personality and
  environmental factors
• An interaction of three factors
• Thoughts or cognitions
• The environment
• A persons behaviorsb

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Reciprocal Determinism
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Social-Cognitive Approach to Personality

• We learn behavior from observing them.
• We learn consequences as well.
• Rules and standards apply to certain behaviors.

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Social-Cognitive Approach to Personality

• Reciprocal determination-human behavior and
  personality as being caused by the interaction of
  behavioral cognitive and environmental factors.

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Social-Cognitive Approach to Personality

• Self-Esteem-comes from a person/s cognitive
  skills, abilities, and attitudes.
• It is our self-system that guides how we perceive
  and react to different situations.

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Social-Cognitive Approach to Personality

• Self-efficacy-degree to which you are
  subjectively convinced of your own capabilities
  and effectiveness in meeting demands of a
  particular situation.

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Social-Cognitive Approach to Personality

• i.e. Tim the Tool Man Taylor
• Thinks he can do anything
  
  Versus
• A person feels they cant fix anything

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Social-Cognitive Approach to Personality
Brain
Athlete

• Tackle any academic work
• Frowns on physical

• Tackle a sport
• Says cant do academic

Versus
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External Locus of Control

• The perception that chance, or forces beyond a
  persons control, control ones fate

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Internal Locus of Control

• The perception that we control our own fate

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Learned Helplessness

• The hopelessness and passive resignation an
  animal or human learns when unable to avoid
  repeated bad events
• Martin Seligman studied dogs that were unable to
  escape a painful stimulus and eventually stopped
  trying to escape.

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Learned Helplessness
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Optimistic Explanatory Style

• When something goes wrong the person explains the
  problem as
• Temporary
• Not their fault
• Something limited to this situation

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Pessimistic Explanatory Style

• When something goes wrong the person tends to
• Blame themselves
• Catastrophize the event
• See the problem as beyond their control

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Positive Psychology

• A movement in psychology that focuses on the
  study of optimal human functioning and the
  factors that allow individuals and communities to
  thrive
• Lead by Martin Seligman

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The Social-Cognitive PerspectiveAssessing
Behavior in Situations

• Module 26 Trait and Social-Cognitive
  Perspectives on Personality

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Assessing Personality

• Social-cognitive perspective would stress putting
  people into simulated actual conditions to
  determine how they would behave

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The Social-Cognitive PerspectiveEvaluating the
Perspective

• Module 26 Trait and Social-Cognitive
  Perspectives on Personality

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Social-Cognitive View

• Draws on learning and cognitive research
• Fails to consider the influence of emotions and
  motivation on behavior