Theme: Verbs. Tenses of Verbs.

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LECTURE 7

• Theme Verbs. Tenses of Verbs.
• Past and future tenses.

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Plan

• 1. Verb.
• 2. Tenses of Verbs.

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To study - ?????
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To sit- ??????
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To read- ??????
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To shout - ???????
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To speak - ????????
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To buy - ????????
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Tenses of Verbs

• Ukrainian verbs have only three basic tenses
  present, past, and future.

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Present tense

• Historically, this is derived from the
  Indo-European present tense. In Common Slavic and
  later Ukrainian, it retained its present meaning
  only for imperfective verbs and developed a
  future meaning for perfective verbs.

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The present tense

• It's only imperfective verbs that can be in the
  present tense.

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The future tense

• The future tense. Once you have learned the
  present, the future tense will be easy. In fact,
  future perfective verbs take on the same endings
  which imperfective verbs take in the present
  tense.

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Imperfective verbs in the future tense can have
two forms
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??????????? -- to translate

• ? ???? ??????????? I will translate/
  will be translating
• ?? ????? ??????????? You will translate/ will be
  translating
• ??? He
• ???? ???? ??????????? She will translate/will
  be translating????
  It
• ?? ?????? ??????????? We will translate/
  will be translating
• ?? ?????? ??????????? You will
  translate/ will be translating (formal and plural
  you)
• ???? ?????? ??????????? They will translate/
  will be translating

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• This form is practically identical to English
  simple future (e.g., I will translate), except
  that the verb "will" also has person-specific
  endings (same as in Example 2 above).
• or else

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??????????? -- to translate

• ? ????????????? I will translate/ will be
  translating
• ?? ?????????????? You will translate/ will be
  translating
• ??? He
• ???? ????????????? She will translate/will
  be translating????
  It
• ?? ??????????????? We will translate/
  will be translating
• ?? ??????????????? You will translate/
  will be translating (formal and plural you)
• ???? ??????????????? They will
  translate/ will be translating

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The past tense

• The past tense. Youll have to remember only four
  endings for the past tense, but the conjugation
  principle has changed endings here are gender-
  and number-specific rather than person-specific,
  as it is for the present and future tenses.

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• There are no differences between perfective and
  imperfective past tense formation. Some
  irregularities, like elsewhere, do occur, so pay
  attention when you see new verbs in sentences.

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?????? -- to lie (imperfective)

• ?????? ?????? I
  lay
• ?????? 
•   
• ?????
• ?? ?????? You lay
• ??????

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• ??? ?????
• ???? ?????? He/She/It lay
• ???? ??????
• ?? ??????    We lay
• ?? ??????    You lay
  (formal and plural you)
• ???? ??????    They lay

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• ????? ?? ?????!