FRAMING THE FIVE PARAGRAPGH ESSAY

1
FRAMING THE FIVE PARAGRAPGH ESSAY

• Brooklyn Technical High School
• Freshman Composition
• Mr. Williams

• Learning Objectives
• To read works with a common theme and compare the
  treatment of that theme by different authors
• To interpret multiple levels of meaning in a
  text, specifically through the analysis of plot
  and allegory
• To read, review, and respond to literary works
  that represent a range of social, historical, and
  cultural perspectives
• Common Core Standards
• RL.9-10.1. Cite strong and thorough textual
  evidence to support analysis of what the text
  says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from
  the text.
• RL.9-10.2. Determine a theme or central idea of a
  text and analyze in detail its development over
  the course of the text, including how it emerges
  and is shaped and refined by specific details
  provide an objective summary of the text.
• RL.9-10.3. Analyze how complex characters (e.g.,
  those with multiple or conflicting motivations)
  develop over the course of a text, interact with
  other characters, and advance the plot or develop
  the theme.
• RL.9-10.5. Analyze how an authors choices
  concerning how to structure a text, order events
  within it (e.g., parallel plots), and manipulate
  time (e.g., pacing, flashbacks) create such
  effects as mystery, tension, or surprise.
• W.9-10.9. Draw evidence from literary or
  informational texts to support analysis,
  reflection, and research.

2
Four Draft Paragraph Assignment

• In class, you drafted four different paragraphs
  and then you composed another draft that was
  graded.
• For the winter survival exercise, chose one item
  that you consider to be the most important item
  for one's survival.  Explain why the item is so
  important.  Compare that item to another item on
  the list.
• Explain what it means to have morals.  Identify
  at least three examples of moral behavior.
• Using the data collected from your character
  chart, identify a character from Lord of the
  Flies who would be a good leader for the boys on
  the island.  Support your answer with evidence
  from the text.
• Identify a personal possession that is very
  important to you.  Explain why it is so
  important.  Explain why you would never want to
  part with this item.
• Using the Writing Reviser on SAS Curriculum
  Pathways, write a second revision of your
  paragraphs.  In the next class, submit the first
  revision with my notes, the second revision, and
  the statistics for the second revision. If you
  did not submit with your first revision the big
  picture points, your original draft, and/or your
  preliminary statistics, then you must submit the
  information during the next class.

3
New Words

• Vocabulary Words
• arcane (adjective)
• known or understood by very few mysterious
  secret obscure
• -arca is Latin is a box or chest of valuables
• In the past, the methods of quantitative
  assessment were laborious and arcane .

• Vocabulary Words
• ardor (noun)
• great warmth of feeling fervor passion
• -ard in Latin means to burn
• She spoke persuasively and with ardor.

• Spelling Words
• amateur
• ambassador

4
New Words

• Vocabulary Words
• ascertain (verb)
• To discover with certainty, as through
  examination or experimentation.
• The prefix a- means towards
• After a series of very tough questions, the
  police officers were able to ascertain the truth
  from the suspect.

• Vocabulary Words
• assiduous (adjective)
• Constant in application or attention diligent
  hardworking
• A- means toward
• -sedere in Latin means to sit
• Assidere in Latin means to attend to or to sit
  down to
• His staff has been assiduous  at providing
  round-the-clock services.

• Spelling Words
• analysis
• commissioner

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MOTIVATIONAL ACTIVITY

• Scenario World War 3 has just occurred and you
  and 9 other people find yourselves to be the only
  people left on the earth. You manage to all make
  it to a bunker, however, you all realize that if
  3 of you wish to survive for many years, 7 of you
  will have to leave soon because there are not
  enough resources for all of you to survive. If
  all of you stay, then you will all live only for
  a maximum of 2 years.
• In your bunker, you have the following
  facilities sewage system, water, seeds, some
  clothes, a few books, some medical facilities but
  no operating materials, and a greenhouse.
• In your group of ten, each of you has a chance to
  speak and explain why you think you should live.
  In the bunker, the following people are present
  a scientist, a priest, a married couple who are
  hippies and drug addicts, a single pregnant woman
  with a 5 year old girl, an army officer who has
  mental instability of some sort but is useful
  nonetheless, an elderly woman, a disabled person,
  a lawyer, a dole bludger, and a doctor. You have
  ten minutes to decide whether some will leave and
  the others stay and to decide who will leave and
  who will stay.
• When that is complete, you are to complete the
  chart and explain why you made your choices.

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WRITING PROPOSAL

• Paragraph The following people should stay to
  avoid the nuclear holocaust.

• Paragraph The following people should leave and
  face the consequences of the nuclear holocaust.

• Essay The social and political impact of ethics
  and morals can be summarized in one word
  sacrifice.

• An essay is a piece of writing which is often
  written from an author's personal point of view.
  Essays can consist of a number of elements,
  including literary criticism, political
  manifestos, learned arguments, observations of
  daily life, recollections, and reflections of the
  author. The definition of an essay is vague,
  overlapping with those of an article and a short
  story. Almost all modern essays are written in
  prose, but works in verse have been dubbed essays
  (e.g. Alexander Pope's An Essay on Criticism and
  An Essay on Man. While brevity usually defines an
  essay, voluminous works like John Locke's An
  Essay Concerning Human Understanding and Thomas
  Malthus's An Essay on the Principle of Population
  are counterexamples.In some countries (e.g., in
  the United States), essays have become a major
  part of formal education. Secondary students are
  taught structured essay formats to improve their
  writing skills, and admission essays are often
  used by universities in selecting applicants and,
  in the humanities and social sciences, as a way
  of assessing the performance of students during
  final exams.
• -WIKIPEDIA

7
THE FIVE PARAGRAPH ESSAY
A classic format for compositions is the
five-paragraph essay. It is not the only format
for writing an essay, of course, but it is a
useful model for you to keep in mind, especially
as you begin to develop your composition skills.
Introductory Paragraph See, first, Writing
Introductory Paragraphs for different ways of
getting your reader involved in your essay. The
introductory paragraph should also include the
thesis statement, a kind of mini-outline for the
paper it tells the reader what the essay is
about. The last sentence of this paragraph must
also contain a transitional "hook" which moves
the reader to the first paragraph of the body of
the paper.
Students are told from the first time they
receive instruction in English composition that
their introductory paragraphs should accomplish
two tasks They should get the reader's interest
so that he or she will want to read want more.
They should let the reader know what the writing
is going to be about. The second task can be
accomplished by a carefully crafted thesis
statement. Writing thesis statements can be
learned rather quickly. The first task securing
the reader's interest is more difficult. First,
admit that it is impossible to say or do or write
anything that will interest everybody. With that
out of the way, the question then becomes "What
can a writer do that will secure the interest of
a fair sized audience?"Professional writers who
write for magazines and receive pay for their
work use five basic patterns to grab a reader's
interest.

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Evaluating the Introduction
Watching television is an experience shared by
most adults and children. It is cheap, appealing,
and within the reach of the general public. In
this way, TV has become an important mass media
around the world. Sadly, this resource isnt used
in a way that people could get the best possible
benefits from it. The purpose of this essay is to
persuade the reader that people shouldnt watch
too much television because the content of many
TV programs is not educational it makes people
waste time that could be used in more beneficial
activities and it negatively affects peoples
mental development. The first reason why people
shouldnt watch too much television is because
the content of many TV programs is not
educational. Nowadays, we can see movies, series,
and shows that present scenes of violence, sex,
and drugs. This has established wrong concepts
among the audience that influence them into
having a negative behavior. Moreover, the impact
this tendency has on children is worse because
they grow up with the idea of a world where women
must be slender and blonde to stand out, where
problems can only be solved with money and
violence, and where wars are inevitable. The
second reason why people shouldnt watch too much
television is because it makes people waste time
that could be used in more beneficial activities.
The time we spend watching TV could be applied to
useful activities like exercise, reading,
interacting with friends and family, activities
that are a crucial for a healthy lifestyle. The
third reason why people shouldnt watch too much
television is because it negatively affects
peoples mental development. According to several
scientific studies, watching TV for prolonged
periods of time has a negative effect over the
intellectual development of children and leads to
deterioration of the mental capacity in older
people by causing both attention and memory
problems in the long term. In conclusion, people
shouldnt watch too much television because the
content of many TV programs is not educational
it makes people waste time that could be used in
more beneficial activities and it affects
peoples mental development. However, this
doesnt mean that we should ban TV, but if we are
going to watch it, we should do it with
moderation. Television is a resource that we
should learn to use through the right selection
of programs by taking an active and critical
attitude towards it.

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Evaluating the Introduction
A lot of people, especially young people, go
though the day without having breakfast. Many
people believe that it is not necessary, or they
say that they dont have time for that, and begin
their day with no meal. I believe that everyone
should eat breakfast before going to their
activities. The purpose of this paper is to show
the importance of breakfast, especially for
students.  The first reason why you should eat
breakfast before going to school is for your
health. When you skip breakfast and go to school,
you are looking for a disease because its not
healthy to have an empty stomach all day long.
Its very important to have a meal and not let
your stomach work empty. All you are going to get
is gastritis and a lot of problems with your
health if you dont eat breakfast.  Another
reason for eating breakfast is because you need
food for to do well in your classes. You body and
your brain are not going to function as good as
they could because you have no energy and no
strength. When you try to learn something and
have nothing in your stomach, you are going to
have a lot of trouble succeeding. A lot of people
think that they should not eat because they are
going to feel tired, but thats not true.
Breakfast is not a very big meal, and on the
contrary, youre going to feel tired if you dont
have breakfast because you have spent the entire
previous night without food.  The last reason to
have breakfast every day is because you can avoid
diseases if you eat some breakfast in the
morning. If you dont eat, you are going to get
sick, and these diseases will have a stronger
effect on you because youre going to get sick
easier than people who have breakfast every
day.  You have to realize that breakfast is the
most important meal of the day, and you cannot
skip it without consequences for your health,
your school and your defense mechanism. It is
better to wake up earlier and have a good
breakfast that run to school without eating
anything. It is time for you to do something for
your health, and eating breakfast is the better
way to start your day. 

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Evaluating the Introduction
In the past, I have never been inclined to
participate in sports. Honestly, I didnt like
it, but many persons whom I lived with kept
telling me everyday how good it was. Since the
peer pressure was growing, I decided to go to the
gym. It wasnt until then that I could really
understand people when they said exercise really
helped a person get organized and keep yourself
in a healthy physically and mentally. For
starters, when you are a lazy person, it is
difficult to take the first step, but it is all a
matter of committing yourself to something that
will provide you a lot of positive feedback. Once
you start doing exercise and observing positive
results, you actually enjoy it. It takes a lot of
effort and strong will, but it's worth it. The
principal thing to do is to participate in an
activity you like. If you do youll start
organizing your day in a way that enables you to
do everything you have to, including exercising.
You will no longer be a person stressed-out
without time to carry on with all your
activities. Second, it is obvious that once you
exercise you will have a better condition. You
will be healthier in a physical way. It is
probable that you will lose weight and your
muscles will get stronger and stronger. Your body
will feel good, full of energy and it will
respond immediately to any action you want to do,
any activity that has to be done with high
spirits. The third reason why exercising is good
is that it affects you positively in a mental and
psychological way. Doing exercise helps you set
specific goals which along with strong will can
be achieved. When you do that, you are aware of
your abilities, accept your weaknesses, and your
self-esteem goes up. Any sport distracts you
because it helps you not to think about school,
friends, problems, among other things. It brings
you time to think about yourself and no one else.
It helps you keep your mind busy and to avoid
dangerous habits like drugs. Doing exercise is
very important to any person of any age. The
positive effects of exercising, which Ive
already mentioned, are like a chain. Once you do
a sports activity that you like, you get
organized therefore, you start doing things the
right way and get enormous benefits which make
you feel good as a whole human being. You start
living your life happily.

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Evaluating the Introduction
"A dog is man's best friend." That common saying
may contain some truth, but dogs are not the only
animal friend whose companionship people enjoy.
For many people, a cat is their best friend.
Despite what dog lovers may believe, cats make
excellent housepets as they are good companions,
they are civilized members of the household, and
they are easy to care for. In the first place,
people enjoy the companionship of cats. Many cats
are affectionate. They will snuggle up and ask to
be petted, or scratched under the chin. Who can
resist a purring cat? If they're not feeling
affectionate, cats are generally quite playful.
They love to chase balls and feathers, or just
about anything dangling from a string. They
especially enjoy playing when their owners are
participating in the game. Contrary to popular
opinion, cats can be trained. Using rewards and
punishments, just like with a dog, a cat can be
trained to avoid unwanted behavior or perform
tricks. Cats will even fetch! In the second
place, cats are civilized members of the
household. Unlike dogs, cats do not bark or make
other loud noises. Most cats don't even meow very
often. They generally lead a quiet existence.
Cats also don't often have "accidents." Mother
cats train their kittens to use the litter box,
and most cats will use it without fail from that
time on. Even stray cats usually understand the
concept when shown the box and will use it
regularly. Cats do have claws, and owners must
make provision for this. A tall scratching post
in a favorite cat area of the house will often
keep the cat content to leave the furniture
alone. As a last resort, of course, cats can be
declawed. Lastly, one of the most attractive
features of cats as housepets is their ease of
care. Cats do not have to be walked. They get
plenty of exercise in the house as they play, and
they do their business in the litter box.
Cleaning a litter box is a quick, painless
procedure. Cats also take care of their own
grooming. Bathing a cat is almost never necessary
because under ordinary circumstances cats clean
themselves. Cats are more particular about
personal cleanliness than people are. In
addition, cats can be left home alone for a few
hours without fear. Unlike some pets, most cats
will not destroy the furnishings when left alone.
They are content to go about their usual
activities until their owners return. Cats are
low maintenance, civilized companions. People who
have small living quarters or less time for pet
care should appreciate these characteristics of
cats. However, many people who have plenty of
space and time still opt to have a cat because
they love the cat personality. In many ways, cats
are the ideal housepet.

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Writing an Effective Introduction
Careers in sports medicine can provide good pay
and satisfying work environments. There are
many jobs within the field of sports medicine,
but most jobs fall into one of two categories.
The first category involves sports injuries.
Jobs in this area focus on helping people prevent
or recover from sports-related injuries. Careers
in this category, which range from occupational
therapy to orthopedic surgery, often require
advanced degrees or medical training. The second
category involves helping people to achieve
healthy lives or to improve their athletic
performance. Jobs in this area include sports
nutrition and physical training, and they
typically require a certificate in the field as
well as an undergraduate degree. Jobs in sports
medicine are much more exciting than the average
office job. For those who enjoy physical
activity, sports medicine is just right because
jobs in this field often requires people to be in
constant motion most of the day. These jobs also
require strong communication and people skills
because they involve working with a variety of
people with different needs. In addition, no two
days in sports medicine are ever quite the same.
Clients continually come and go as their needs
change or their injuries heal. As with most
health-care fields, sports medicine is growing,
and the demand for people to fill jobs is always
increasing. Jobs for physical therapists and
physical therapist assistants will be among the
fastest growing over the next decade. The pay is
good, and layoffs are rare even in a weak
economy. For people with the right interests
and skills, a career in sports medicine may be an
excellent choice.

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THE FIVE PARAGRAPH ESSAY
Body First paragraph The first paragraph of
the body should contain the strongest argument,
most significant example, cleverest illustration,
or an obvious beginning point. The first sentence
of this paragraph should include the "reverse
hook" which ties in with the transitional hook at
the end of the introductory paragraph. The topic
for this paragraph should be in the first or
second sentence. This topic should relate to the
thesis statement in the introductory paragraph.
The last sentence in this paragraph should
include a transitional hook to tie into the
second paragraph of the body.
Body Second paragraph The second paragraph of
the body should contain the second strongest
argument, second most significant example, second
cleverest illustration, or an obvious follow up
the first paragraph in the body. The first
sentence of this paragraph should include the
reverse hook which ties in with the transitional
hook at the end of the first paragraph of the
body. The topic for this paragraph should be in
the first or second sentence. This topic should
relate to the thesis statement in the
introductory paragraph. The last sentence in this
paragraph should include a transitional hook to
tie into the third paragraph of the body.
Body Third paragraph The third paragraph of
the body should contain the weakest argument,
weakest example, weakest illustration, or an
obvious follow up to the second paragraph in the
body. The first sentence of this paragraph should
include the reverse hook which ties in with the
transitional hook at the end of the second
paragraph. The topic for this paragraph should be
in the first or second sentence. This topic
should relate to the thesis statement in the
introductory paragraph. The last sentence in this
paragraph should include a transitional
concluding hook that signals the reader that this
is the final major point being made in this
paper. This hook also leads into the last, or
concluding, paragraph.

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THE FIVE PARAGRAPH ESSAY

• Concluding paragraph This paragraph should
  include the following
• an allusion to the pattern used in the
  introductory paragraph
• a restatement of the thesis statement, using some
  of the original language or language that
  "echoes" the original language. (The restatement,
  however, must not be a duplicate thesis
  statement.
• a summary of the three main points from the body
  of the paper.
• a final statement that gives the reader signals
  that the discussion has come to an end. (This
  final statement may be a "call to action" in an
  persuasive paper.)
• http//grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/five_par.ht
  m

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LITERARY ANALYSIS LORD OF THE FLIES

• The Plot
• The Inciting Incident the plane crashes on the
  island
• The Exposition the introduction of the
  characters and the setting
• Ralph the archetype of a hero
• Jack
• the symbol of Freuds id
• the allegory of the devil who entices the boys to
  sin
• The Conflict the attempt to get rescued despite
  the savage acceptance that the island is a
  permanent home
• The Climax the brutal killing of the sow the
  power of destruction triumph over the restraints
  of civilization
• The Resolution the boys are saved by the Naval
  officer before the evil on the island kills the
  only good that is left

16
LITERARY ANALYSIS LORD OF THE FLIES

• The Themes
• Everyone has a darkness within that must be
  discovered.
• Either we control the darkness or it dominates
  us.
• To ignore the fact that evil exists within us
  destroys al possibilities of learning from it.
• Evil will always try to prevail at any cost.

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LITERARY ANALYSIS LORD OF THE FLIES

• The Symbols and Allegories
• The Naval officer symbolic of the pretension,
  pride, and destructiveness of humanity qualities
  that have ruined the island and society as a
  whole.
• The Beast symbolic of the fear within the boys.
  They fear the unknown the beast actually exists
  within their minds and within their hearts
• The sow a female pig
• The death of Simon situational irony trying to
  disprove the existence of the beast, he replaces
  the beast and is killed
• The butterflies perfection, beauty, perfection
• The flies instinctive beings that swarm to a
  kill
• The pigs head
• An offering to the beast symbolic of an
  irrational thought
• Grins at Ralph as if to remind him that its a
  part of him
• Tells Simon, Im a part of you.
• Called the Lord of the Flies, an expression of
  Beelzebub a.k.a the Devil
• Jack the allegory of the devil prevailing over
  God and all that is good

18
UNDERSTANDING VERB TENSES
Strictly speaking, in English, only two tenses
are marked in the verb alone, present (as in "he
sings") and past (as in "he sang"). Other English
language tenses, as many as thirty of them, are
marked by other words called auxiliaries.
Understanding the six basic tenses allows one to
re-create much of the reality of time in his
writing. Simple Present They walk Present
Perfect They have walked Simple Past They
walked Past Perfect They had walked Future
They will walk Future Perfect They will
have walked

19
UNDERSTANDING VERB TENSES
Present Tense expresses an action that is
occurring now (Martina runs down the court and
shoots the ball.) Past Tense expresses an
action that occurred in the past. (In the last
lap, the runner fell and injured his
knee.) Future Tense expresses an action that
will occur (The president will not return to
Washington today.) Present Perfect Tense
expresses an action that occurred at an
indefinite time in the past. (Miguel and Tim
have already entered the information into the
computer.) Past Perfect Tense expresses an
action that ended before some other past action
(Paul had travelled several miles before he
realized his mistake.) Future Perfect Tense
expresses an action that will end before some
other future occurrence. (By the time school
begins in August,. You will have saved enough
money to buy the car.)

20
UNDERSTANDING VERB TENSES

• Each of the following sentences contains an error
  in the use of tenses. Give the correct form of
  the verb.
• Would you still have told that joke if we said we
  already heard it?
• Who found that the earth revolved around the sun?
• By the time we get to the picnic area, the rain
  will stop. 
• In July my parents will be married for
  twenty-five years. 
• If the books have been cataloged last week, why
  havent they been shelved?
• I would have agreed if you would have asked me
  sooner.
• Val claims that cats made the best pets.
• After Sam had answered, Mr. Catalano says, There
  were no rabbits.
• Before leaving the house, we have closed the
  windows.
• As a witness to the accident, Pam told the police
  what happened.

21
PREPARING FOR THE LITERATURE ESSAY

• Review the prompts for Lord of the Flies

• Prepare a 3-point outline for the essay

• Draft an introduction for the essay

• Draft a conclusion for the essay

• An essay is a piece of writing which is often
  written from an author's personal point of view.
  Essays can consist of a number of elements,
  including literary criticism, political
  manifestos, learned arguments, observations of
  daily life, recollections, and reflections of the
  author. The definition of an essay is vague,
  overlapping with those of an article and a short
  story. Almost all modern essays are written in
  prose, but works in verse have been dubbed essays
  (e.g. Alexander Pope's An Essay on Criticism and
  An Essay on Man. While brevity usually defines an
  essay, voluminous works like John Locke's An
  Essay Concerning Human Understanding and Thomas
  Malthus's An Essay on the Principle of Population
  are counterexamples.In some countries (e.g., in
  the United States), essays have become a major
  part of formal education. Secondary students are
  taught structured essay formats to improve their
  writing skills, and admission essays are often
  used by universities in selecting applicants and,
  in the humanities and social sciences, as a way
  of assessing the performance of students during
  final exams.
• -WIKIPEDIA