Literature Survey, Literature Comprehension,

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Literature Survey, Literature Comprehension,
Literature Review
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The Literature Survey
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Literature Survey

• The literature survey is the process of
  identifying and acquiring the research papers,
  textbooks, web-sites, theses, etc. that you will
  require to get a comprehensive overview of the
  research that has been done in the area that you
  are investigating.
• A focused survey technique is recommended to
  ensure you hit the ground running and using
  this technique you are almost immediately in a
  position to implement experiments.

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Literature Survey

• Recording the papers you have found and read is
  also of vital importance, and techniques and
  software available for these tasks are also
  covered in this section.
• If you know the exact domain of your research it
  makes sense to initially focus your search on
  papers that relate (almost) exactly to your own
  research, rather than spending a great deal of
  time reading every paper under the sun that seems
  remotely relevant.

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Literature Survey

• A vital step is to identify

KEYWORDS
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Literature Survey

• e.g. you are doing research on Communities of
  practice
• What other keywords do we need to look out for?

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Literature Survey

• e.g. you are doing research on Communities of
  practice
• What other keywords do we need to look out for?
• Network of practice
• Virtual community
• Virtual Ethnography
• Virtual team
• Community-driven knowledge management

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Literature Survey

• You need to get a notebook that you carry with
  you, and list all the keywords in there.
• Use that to record ideas you have about your
  research.
• Use it to record details of meetings with your
  supervisor.
• Insert any useful newspaper articles, pictures,
  etc. that help.

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Literature Survey

• Using these keywords, go to the library and go
  online and look for journal papers, books,
  conference papers, etc. that are relevant.
• Just using Google is insufficient, you need to
  search in the real world as well.

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Literature Survey

• What does peer-reviewed mean?
• When you submit a research paper, a number of
  people will read the paper and give
  feedback/corrections on it.
• The people who review it will be as expert as you
  are in the field of research (and as such are
  your peers).
• Some conferences only get one person to review a
  paper, others get two, others more the more
  people that review conference papers, the more
  prestigious the conference is, since the papers
  in it are bound to be of very quality.
• Journal papers are normally reviewed by several
  people, and are considered very credible.

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Good Sources ?

• Journal Papers
• Conference Papers
• Textbooks
• Other Books
• Company Whitepapers
• Company Websites
• Blogs
• Wikis

Credibility
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Literature Survey

• What are some good journals?

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Who are ACM ?

• The Association for Computing Machinery, or ACM,
  is a learned society for computing. It was
  founded in 1947 as the world's first scientific
  and educational computing society. Its membership
  is more than 92,000 as of 2009. ACM is organized
  into over 170 local chapters and 35 Special
  Interest Groups (SIGs), through which it conducts
  most of its activities. Many of the SIGs, like
  SIGGRAPH, SIGPLAN, SIGCSE and SIGCOMM, sponsor
  regular conferences which have become famous as
  the dominant venue for presenting new innovations
  in certain fields. The groups also publish a
  large number of specialized journals, magazines,
  and newsletters.

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ACM SIGs

• SIGACCESS - Accessible Computing
• SIGACT - Algorithms and Computation Theory
• SIGAda - Ada Programming Language
• SIGAPP - Applied Computing
• SIGARCH - Computer Architecture
• SIGART - Artificial Intelligence
• SIGBED - Embedded Systems
• SIGCAS - Computers and Society
• SIGCHI - Computer-Human Interaction
• SIGCOMM - Data Communication
• SIGCSE - Computer Science Education
• SIGDA - Design Automation
• SIGDOC - Design of Communication
• SIGecom - Electronic Commerce
• SIGEVO - Genetic and Evolutionary Computation
• SIGGRAPH - Computer Graphics and Interactive
  Techniques
• SIGIR - Information Retrieval

• SIGITE - Information Technology Education
• SIGKDD - Knowledge Discovery in Data
• SIGMETRICS - Measurement and Evaluation
• SIGMICRO - Microarchitecture
• SIGMIS - Management Information Systems
• SIGMM - Multimedia
• SIGMOBILE - Mobility of Systems, Users, Data and
  Computing
• SIGMOD - Management of Data
• SIGOPS - Operating Systems
• SIGPLAN - Programming Languages
• SIGSAC - Security, Audit and Control
• SIGSAM - Symbolic and Algebraic Manipulation
• SIGSIM - Simulation and Modeling
• SIGSOFT - Software Engineering
• SIGSPATIAL - SIGSPATIAL
• SIGUCCS - University and College Computing
  Services
• SIGWEB - Hypertext, Hypermedia and Web

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Who else ?

• Another significant group are IEEE
  (Institute of Electrical and Electronics
  Engineers) called eye-triple-e is a
  professional organization for the advancement of
  technology, it also publishes a number journals,
• including IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data
  Engineering

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IEEE Transactions

• IEEE Computational intelligence and AI
• IEEE Transactions on Computers
• IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure
  Computing
• IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data
  Engineering
• IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
  Systems
• IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine
  Intelligence
• IEEE Transactions on Services Computing
• IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
• IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer
  Graphics
• IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing
• IEEE Transactions on Haptics
• IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in
  Biomedicine
• IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies
• IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
• IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
• IEEE Transactions on Nanobioscience
• IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration
  (VLSI) Systems
• IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology
  and Bioinformatics
• IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking

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Literature Survey

• And any good research sites ?

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Google Scholar
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http//arxiv.org/archive/cs
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WebLenshttp//www.weblens.org/scholar.html
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INFOMINE
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DBLP
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Gartner
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Literature Survey

• Searching the Web

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Literature Survey

• But remember
• If you just search for Community of practice
  you will miss out on
• Network of practice
• Virtual community
• Virtual Ethnography
• Virtual team
• Community-driven knowledge management

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acronyms
single-concept principle
pseudo-synonyms, or false synonyms
antonyms
hyponyms
neologisms
phraseologism
PROBLEMS WITH USING A SEARCH ENGINE AS THE SOLE
SOURCE OF INFORMATION
quasi-synonyms, or near-synonyms
hypernyms
Cross- references
collocation
monosemy
synonyms
tautonyms
polysemy
abbreviations
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Finding Research online

• Effective Searching
• Let us consider searching for information
  relating to 'Project-Based Learning'
• The Hyphen
• The first thing to note is the hyphen between the
  words 'Project' and 'Based', will every web-page
  relating to this subject have the hyphen in it,
  or will some just leave it out. If you just leave
  it out the search engines will find the phrase
  with or without the hyphen.

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Finding Research online

• So the first search to try is
• "Project Based Learning"
• if this returns 10,000 links then try
• "Project Based Learning" "PhD Thesis"
• "Project Based Learning" "Masters Thesis
• Project Based Learning Masters Thesis
  Declaration
• this may return PhD or Masters thesis on the
  subject you require information on.

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Finding Research online

• To find other 'good' pages relating to your
  subject matter, try
• "Project Based Learning Link"
• for "PBL Links" or "PBL Link Page"
• "Project Based Learning Portal"
• for "PBL Portal" or "PBL Portal Page"
• "Project Based Learning Webring"
• for "PBL Webring" or "PBL Webrings"
• "Project Based Learning FAQ"
• for "PBL FAQ"or "PBL FAQs" or "PBL FAQL"or "PBL
  FAQLs"

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Finding Research online

• If you are looking for papers relating to
  "Project Based Learning", try
• "Project Based Learning" Bibliography
• "Project Based Learning" Literature Review
• "Project Based Learning" Literature Survey
• "Project Based Learning" Overview
• "Project Based Learning" A Roadmap
• Unlike the previous section where we were looking
  for 'good' pages and put the entire phrase in
  double quotes, in this section we are only
  putting the subject matter we are investigating
  in quotes and the rest of the terms are free
  text, in this way we can find pages which may not
  be titled, for example, "Project Based Learning
  Bibliography", but may be a bibliography which
  contain references to Project Based Learning.

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Finding Research online

• If you are looking for a more specific topic, for
  example, "The Impact of the Web on Project Based
  Learning", try
• "Impact of the Web on Project Based Learning"
  (unlikely)
• "Project Based Learning" overview web
• "Project Based Learning" survey web
• "Project Based Learning" review web
• "Project Based Learning" assessment web

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Finding Research online

• Also consider web-sites which will be using the
  acronym for "Project Based Learning"
• so try
• "PBL"
• "P.B.L."
• Consider the acronym for "Virtual Learning
  Environments", it could be "VLE"or "VLEs"or
  "V.L.E."or "V.L.E.s"or "V.L.Es", so try
• "VLE"
• "V.L.E"

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Literature Survey

• Here is a good tip

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Literature Survey

• Find an up-to-date thesis that is closely related
  to your research question (your supervisor should
  be able to help you with this, if not, search the
  web) and use this as a launch pad to your
  research This is a very useful starting point
  since it will give you an immediate overview of
  your research field.

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Some Considerations When Using A Thesis As A
Starting Point

• Regional Variations Different countries,
  different regions and even different universities
  have differing standards for their dissertations,
  so, whilst the dissertation is a useful starting
  point, it can only be considered as such, and is
  not a template for your own work.
• Correspondence of Research The dissertation
  that you are using should have a significant
  overlap with your own research, but there are
  bound to be differences, therefore, your own
  literature review will be very different to the
  one you have found, since yours is aimed at
  highlighting the gap that you wish to address.
• Quality of Research The quality of the
  dissertation is something you will need to
  consider, how comprehensive is this persons work
  ? Have they missed any important papers or major
  blocks of research ?

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Literature Survey

• Bibliography Software

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Zotero
Free
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BibTeX
Free
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Pybliographer
Free
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Biblioscape
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EndNote
EndNote web is free.
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Mendeley
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Qiqqa
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Reference Manager
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Literature Survey

• When have you found enough papers?

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Literature Survey

• When have you found enough papers?
• There is no hard-and-fast rule, but my own
  suggestion is about 50 papers you dont have to
  review them yet, just have them printed out in a
  pile.