Gender and Politics

1
Gender and Politics

• Hatshepsut, Egypts first truly powerful female
  Pharaoh.
• Ruled during Egypts 18th dynasty (1500BCE)
  Often represented herself as a male to legitimize
  her rule.
• Just recently identified her mummy, putting to
  rest theories that she was transgender or intersex

2
How a Society is GovernedExternalized vs.
Internalized Controls

• Externalized Controls
• social control and sanctions

• Internalized Controls
• cultural control

• Self-imposed by individuals.
• Rely on such deterrents as shame, fear of divine
  punishment, and magical retaliation.
• Although bands and tribes rely heavily upon them,
  they are generally insufficient by themselves.

• Positive sanctions reward appropriate behavior.
• Negative sanctions punish behavior.