Hello Students!

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Hello Students!

• Good Morning to all of you!

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Word Formation
Topic of the Day
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Methods ofWord Formation

1. Using Affixes
2. Compound formation
3. Reduplication
4. Initialism
5. Acronyms
6. Clipping

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..contd.

1. Contraction
2. Elision
3. blend
4. Borrowings
5. Conversions
6. Inventions
7. Echoism

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1. Using Affixes

• Prefixes
• (prefixes base) new word

un stable unstable
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1. Using Affixes
Suffixes (base suffixes) new word
boy hood boyhood
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1. Using Affixes
Infixes (between the two base word) but rarely
used
Sher-e-Punjab
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2. Compound formation

• By joining two or more bases.
• Bases separated by hyphen ( though not in all
  cases)
• e.g. Fire-engine
• Motor-cycle

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3. Reduplication

• Words are formed out of two such element as are
  almost alike.
• These element may be identical or slightly
  different.
• e.g. Kit-kat
• Trin-trin

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4. Initialism

• These are words formed by joining together the
  initial letters of other words and is read letter
  by letter.
• e.g. UN - united nations
• TV - television

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5. Acronyms

• An Acronym is formed by joining together the
  initial letters of other words and is pronounced
  as a word.
• e.g. Basic Beginners All-purpose Symbolic
  Instruction Code. (a computer
  language)
• AIDS Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome.

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6. Clipping

• Some words are used in shortened form by
  subtracting one or more syllables from a word.
• e.g. Phone (Telephone)
• Photo (Photograph)

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7. Contraction

• A word written with a part missing from the
  middle .
• e.g. Ms. (Miss)
• Dept. (Department)

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8. Elision

• A word or a combination of words with an
  apostrophe to mark the missing letter of letters.
• e.g. Ive ( I have)
• Birday (Birthday)

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9. Blend

• A fusion of two words, shortened and combined
  into one.
• e.g. brunch breakfastlunch
• internet internationalnetwork

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10. Conversion

• Some words can be used as nouns, verbs, adverbs
  or adjective without any change in the form of
  the word.
• e.g. He is observing a fast today (noun).
• He ran fast to catch the bus
  (adverb).

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11. Borrowings

• By borrowing words from other languages.
• e.g. Bazaar (Persian)
• Guru (Hindi)

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12. inventions

• By taking words from different inventions
• e.g. X-rays
• astronaut

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13. Echoism

• Some words are formed by the sounds that suggest
  their meanings.
• e.g. click
• Tick
• whisper

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• Thanks for having kind attention.
• By Vijay Gupta
• M.A.,B.Ed.,PGCTE
• Govt. Model Secondary School Arni Wala S.S.
• Distt. Ferozepur (Punjab)

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• Resource Books
• An introduction to Linguistics
• Pushpinder Syal - D.V. Jindal
• Prantice-Hall of India
• 2. Learners Grammar Dictionary
• Dr. George Stern
• Learners Publishing, Australia

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• Prepared at
• Four Days Computer Seminar
• On 03-09-08 to 06-09-08
• At Govt. Model Sr. Sec. School (B)
• Fazilka
• Microsoft Trainer
• Mr. Amit Lota

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• The End