Watersheds Capture, Store And Safely Release Water

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Watersheds Capture, Store And Safely Release Water
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RIPARIAN AREAS

• A form of wetland transition between permanently
  saturated wetlands and uplands areas
• Exhibit vegetation or physical characteristics of
  permanent surface or subsurface water
• Examples LAND ADJACENT to PERENNIAL or
  INTERMITTEN FLOWING STREAMS, LAKESHORES, GLACIAL
  POTHOLES

UPLAND
RIPARIAN
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NATURAL RIPARIAN RESOURCES
VEGETATION
WATER
SOIL/LANDFORM
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PROPER FUNCTIONING CONDITION

• RIPARIAN-WETLAND areas are functioning properly
  when adequate vegetation, landform, or large
  woody debris is present to
• Dissipate STREAM ENGERGY associated with high
  flows
• Filter SEDIMENT and CAPTURE BED LOAD
• Aid FLOODPLAIN DEVELOPMENT
• Improve FLOOD WATER RETENTION and GROUNDWATER
  RECHARGE
• Stabilize STREAMBANKS

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PROPER FUNCTIONING CONDITION ACHIEVED PROVIDES
FOR

• Habitat for FISH and WILDLIFE
• Improved WATER QUALITY
• Improved FORAGE PRODUCTION

• Decreased SOIL EROSION
• Greater BIODIVERSITY

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FUNCTIONAL AT RISK

• RIPARIAN-WETLAND areas that are in Functional
  Condition, but an existing Soil, Water, or
  Vegetation attribute makes them
• SUSCEPTIBLE TO DEGRADATION

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NONFUNCTIONAL

• RIPARIAN-WETLAND areas that CLEARLY ARE NOT
  PROVIDING adequate Vegetation, Landform or Large
  Woody Debris to
• Dissipate Stream Energies associated with higher
  flows
• Filter Sediment and Capture Bedload
• Aid in Floodplain Development
• Improve Floodwater retention and Groundwater
  Recharge
• Stabilize Streambanks

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NONFUNCTIONAL

• Areas that are Nonfunctional
• DO NOT provide Wildlife Habitat
• DO NOT provide improved Water Quality
• DO NOT improve Forage Production
• EXHIBIT INCREASED Soil Erosion
• EXHIBIT DECREASED Biodiversity

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ATTRIBUTES/PROCESS LIST

• HYDROGEOMORPHIC
• GROUND-WATER DISCHARGE
• ACTIVE FLOODPLAIN
• GROUND-WATER RECHARGE
• FLOODPLAIN STORAGE RELEASE
• FLOOD MODIFICATION
• BANKFULL WIDTH
• WIDTH/DEPTH RAITON
• SINUOSITY
• GRADIENT
• STREAM POWER
• HYDRAULIC CONTROLS
• BED ELEVATION

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ATTRIBUTES/PROCESS LIST

• VEGETATION
• COMMUNITY TYPES
• COMMUNITY TYPE DISTRIBUTIONSURFACE DENSITY
• CANOPY
• COMMUNITY DYNAMICS SUCCESSION
• RECRUITMENT/REPRODUCTION
• SURVIVAL

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ATTRIBUTES/PROCESS LIST

• EROSION/DEPOSITION
• BANK STABILITY
• BED STABILITY
• DEPOSITIONAL FEATURES

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ATTRIBUTES/PROCESS LIST

• SOILS
• CAPILLARITY
• ANNUAL PATTERN OF SOIL WATER STATES
• ERODIBILITY
• FERTILITY

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ATTRIBUTES/PROCESS LIST

• WATER QUALITY
• TEMPERATURE
• SALINITY
• NUTRIENTS
• DISSOLVED OXYGEN
• SEDIMENT

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ATTRIBUTES/PROCESSES

• Hydrogeomorphic
• Vegetation
• Erosion/Deposition
• Soils
• Water Quality

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• STREAM CROSS SECTIONS

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POTENTIAL

• The highest ecological status a Riparian-Wetland
  area can attain given no political, social, or
  economical constraints

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MAJOR STREAM TYPESLONGITUDINAL, CROSS-SECTION,
AND PLAN PROFILES
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DETERMINATION OF
RIPARIAN-WETLAND SYSTEMS CAPABILITY
AND POTENTIAL

• Relic areas information
• Historic information
• Species Lists
• Habitat Needs
• Soils Information

• Hydrology Information
• Current Vegetation
• Watershed Condition/Major Landforms
• Limiting Factors

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STREAM RECOVERY
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4.) RIPAIAN ZONE IS WIDENING OR HAS ACHIEVED
POTENTIAL EXTENT.
NO
YES
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VEGETATION
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6.) DIVERSE AGE-CLASS DISTRIBUTION (RECRUITMENT
FOR MAINTENANCE/RECOVERY
YES
NO
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VEGETATION
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6.) DIVERSE AGE-CLASS DISTRIBUTION (RECRUITMENT
FOR MAINTENANCE/RECOVERY
YES
NO
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7.) DIVERSE COMPOSITION OF VEGETATION (FOR
MAINTENANCE/RECOVERY)
WHITETOP
NO
YES
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8.) SPECIES PRESENT INDICATE MAINTENANCE OF
RIPARIAN SOIL MOISTURE CHARACTERISTICS
NO
YES
BLUEGRASS
RUSHES/SEDGES
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9.) STREAMBANK VEGETATION IS COMPRISED OF THOSE
PLANTS OR PLANT COMMUNITIES THAT HAVE ROOT
MASSESS CAPABLE OF WITHSTANDING HIGH STREAM FLOW
EVENTS
YES
NO
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10.) RIPARIAN PLANTS EXHIBIT HIGH VIGOR
YES
NO
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11.) ADEQUATE VEGETATIVE COVER PRESENT TO
PROTECT BANKS AND DISSIPATE ENERGY DURING HIGH
FLOWS
NO
YES
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12.) PLANT COMMUNITIES IN THE RIPARIAN AREA ARE
AN ADEQUATE SOURCE OF COARSE AND/OR LARGE WOODY
DEBRIS
NO
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12.) PLANT COMMUNITIES IN THE RIPARIAN AREA ARE
AN ADEQUATE SOURCE OF COARSE AND/OR LARGE WOODY
DEBRIS
YES
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PROPER FUNCTIONING CONDITION MINIMUM
THRESHOLD
VEGETATIVE COMMUNITY SUCESSION
DPC
DPC
DPC
DPC
DPC
DESIRED PLANT COMMUNITY TO BE ATTAINED IS BASED
ON MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES DETERMINED THROUGH AN
INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
DESIRED FUTURE CONDITION
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PLANNING PROCESS

• STEP 1. EXISTING CONDITION
• STEP 2. POTENTIAL CONDITION
• STEP 3. PFC
• STEP 4. RESOURCE VALUES

• STEP 5. MANAGEMENT GOALS and OBJECTIVES
• STEP 6. PLANNED ACTIONS
• STEP 7. MONITORING
• STEP 8. FLEXIBILITY

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SUMMARY

• MINIMUM ASSESSMENT TOOL
• PFC USUALLY NOT THE SAME AS DFC
• POTENTIAL VS. CAPABILITY
• QUALITATIVE VS. QUANTITATIVE

• INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAM
• BE CONSERVATIVE
• DO THE PREP. WORK
• NORMAL STREAM PROCESSES (25 YR FLOOD EVENT)

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WHY MAKE THE INVESTMENT IN PFC??

• ENGAGES PUBLIC IN COOPERATIVE RIPARIAN
  RESTORATION
• MANY RIPARIAN PROBLEMS ARE CAUSED OR AGGRAVATED
  BY OFF-SITE MANAGEMENT
• AN ID TEAM CREATES AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BASIS FOR
  INTERATED MANAGEMENT
• QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT SUPPORTED BY QUANTITATIVE
  SCIENCE WITH MEASUREMENT TOOLS WHEN NEEDED

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WHY MAKE THE INVESTMENT IN PFC??

• FOCUS FUTURE MONITORING ON KEY DATA NEDED TO
  CHECK MANAGEMENT
• PROVIDES A FRAME WORK FOR INTERPRETING ALL OTHER
  WATERSHED AND STREAM DATA
• MANDATED BY GOVT.
• TWO LEVELS
• ID TEAM IN FIELD
• AIR PHOTOS