knitting fundamentals

1
Lecture 6
knitting fundamentals
2
Knitting Fundamentals

• Knitting Definition

3
Knitting is one of several ways to turn thread or
yarn into cloth. Unlike woven fabric, knitted
fabric consists entirely of horizontal parallel
courses of yarn. The courses are joined to each
other by interlocking loops in which a short loop
of one course of yarn is wrapped over the bight
of another course. Knitting can be done either
by hand, described below, or by machine. In
practice, hand knitting is usually begun (or
"cast on") by forming a base series of twisted
loops
4

• Knitting is a process in which one thread is used
  to make loops and then newly formed loops are
  passed through previously formed loops and top
  and bottom loops are joined with the help of head
  and feet

5
(No Transcript)
6
(No Transcript)
7
Lecture 7
Knitting Fundamentals
8
Knitting Fundamentals

• Basic Elements in knitting is
• Stitch or Course

9
(No Transcript)
10
Stitch Details

• loop
• Loop insertion through loop
• Joining of two loops
• Knitted fabric flexibility depends upon loop
  structure
• Loops have many shapes and types

11
Loop

• An extended portion of a regular string
• Has no end
• It is part of main string
• Have balance shape
• Is made with the help of any tool which is able
  to pull the string from a certain point

12
Loop Insertion

• Loop is inserted through an other previously held
  loop with the help of needle
• Needle should have the ability to hold fresh loop
  during insertion period
• Needle is responsible to make new loops and hold
  the previous sloop
• Loop insertion Animation
• Knitting Cycle

13
Website address for knitting cycle

• exeltor.com/.../index. php?ss3sss1stage3

14
Lecture 8
Classification of knitting
15
Knitting Classification

• Based upon Knitting Procedure

16
Warp and Weft

• Warp Knitting
• Weft Knitting

17
Warp Knitting

• In this process yarn sheet is developed (warp
  sheet) and then with the help of needles stitches
  are formed by insertion new loop into old loop.

18
Warp Knitting Machine
19
Warp Knitted Fabric
20
Weft Knitting

• In weft knitting single yarn is fed to knitting
  needles. Needle with the help of cams, sinker
  make a new loop and passed it into previously
  held loops.

21
Types of Weft Knitting

• Circular Knitting and Flat Knitting

22
Circular Knitting Machines

• In circular knitting machines needles are fixed
  on a cylinder or dial in a circular shape.
• There are more than one feeders to feed yarn to
  needles at different places.
• In most of the cases needle bed (cylinder or
  dial) moves while feeders remain stationary.
• Diameter of cylinder and dial is fixed but in
  case of sock knitting machines it is changeable
  due to structure of socks

23
Circular Knitting Machine
24
Flat Knitting Machines

• In flat knitting machines needles are fixed on a
  straight plate. On this machine needle bed
  remains stationary while yarn feeding system
  called carriage moves from one end to other end
• This machine is used to knit collars, arm bands
  and sweaters

25
Flat Knitting
26
Types of Circular Knitting Machines

• Single Knitting
• Double Knitting

27
Single Knit Machine

• In these machines needles are fixed on cylinder
  and sinker are fixed on sinker ring. Needles knit
  with the help of sinkers.

28
Single Knit Machine
29
Double Knit Machine

• In double knit machine needles are fixed on dial
  as well as on cylinders. There is no sinkers on
  this machine.
• This machine is used to knit interlock, rib and
  double jerseys

30
Double Knitting
31
Double Knit Fabric

• Interlock--- Two sides are fully knitted, highly
  flexible used for under garments. Front and back
  wales are exactly at same point
• Rib--- two sides are fully knitted. Less flexible
  but have strong grip, used for neck, cuff opening
  and waist band. Front and back wales are not at
  same point
• Double Jersey
• Double side knitted, can have different
  designs on both sides

32
Interlock Machine
33
Double Knit Jacquard Knitting Machine
34
(No Transcript)
35
Types of Single Knitting Machines

• Plain knitting
• Loop knitting

36
Single Knit Plain Knitting Machines

• Mostly called jersey machines. On this machines,
  there is a set of needles and sinkers. These
  machines may be single track of multi track. From
  one track to six track machines are available.
• These machine can knit jersey, pique, honey comb,
  mini jacquard

37
Single Plain Knitting Machines

• Single Track
• Multi Track

38
Single Track Single Knit

• Track means number of cams vertically fitted
• In single track machine there is only one track
• This machine can knit only full knit fabric
  (single jersey)

39
Multi Track Knitting Machine

• In this machine there are 2-6 tracks
• More number of tracks means that variety of
  designs can be produced
• On these machine many types of fabric can be
  produced, like, pique, pique fleece, two thread
  fleece and mini jacquard

40
(No Transcript)
41
Loop Knitting Machines

• In these machines we can make loop on one or on
  both sides of fabric.
• By introducing loops we can increase the weight
  and bulkiness of fabric

42
Types of Loop Knitting Machines

• Terry
• Fleece

43
Terry Fabric

• This fabric has loops on the surface, like towel
  but the length of loops is smaller than towels.
  Normally used to make shirts of kids or for
  people working under high temperature to absorb
  the moisture

44
Terry Knitting Machine
45
Terry Knitting Machine
46
(No Transcript)
47
Single Jersey Double Face Fabric
48
Three Thread Knitting Machine

• This machine is used to produce fleece fabric.
  This fabric is plain from one side. Mostly front
  side is of single jersey and on back loop is
  inserted across various number of wales (normally
  two to three wales are covered).
• Back side is brushed with the help of raising
  machine to make it more comfortable and bulky as
  well as warm
• Two types of threads are used fine for the top
  and course for back ( 30/16, 28/12 etc)

49
Three Thread Fleece Machine
50
Fleece Fabric
51
Striper

• In stripe knitting machines we can produce
  horizontal stripes with the help of scissors
  which cuts the yarn and a new yarn is fed
• There are two types of
• Mechanical
• Electronic
• Note in current era there is no fresh production
  of mechanical strip machines

52
Stripe Knitting Machine
53
Jacquard Knitting Machines

• These machine are available in single and double
  knit technology
• Normally more than one colored yarns are used.
• Different patterns are made
• Normally 4-6 color machines are available

54
(No Transcript)
55

• All types of machines can be converted into
  jacquard machines

56
Jacquard Machines

• Mechanical Jacquard
• Electronic Jacquard

57
Jacquard Fabric
58
Flat Knitting

• Single bed
• Double bed

59
Full Garment Flat Knitting Machines

• These are latest machines and are used to make
  full length of garment
• Quite expensive
• Not in Pakistan
• Required in countries where labour is expensive

60
Gloves Knitting Machine
61
Gloves Knitting machines

• In this machine bed rotates and carriage moves
  from one side to other

62
Lecture 9
Warp knitting
63
Warp Knitting
64
Types of Flat Knitting

• Raschel, made with latch needles,
• Tricot, using bearded needles.

65

• Warp-Knitting
• When producing warp-knits, a yarn sheet is linked
  by stitches in longitudinal direction. Thus, each
  individual thread in the sheet (warp) forms a
  wale.

66
Warp Knitting

• Main products
• Nets
• Curtains
• Technical fabrics
• Covers
• Covering sheets

67
Working Principle

• Warp sheet
• Loops development with the help of needles
• Loops insertion with the help of needles
• Needle movement controls mechanically and
  electronically

68
Properties of Warp Knitted Fabric

• More stable than knitted
• Big and small holes are possible
• Many designs are possible
• Highly course yarn can be used
• Technical fabric can be produced

69
Use of Warp Knitted Fabric

• Use to fulfill technical demands, like, filters,
  seat covers etc
• Used as curtains, table covers
• Used as Chadar in Pakistan
• Not used for clothing

70
Warp Knitting Industry in Pakistan

• Very small number of mills, mainly in Gujranwala
• One or two in Lahore