Petroleum Engineering 406

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Petroleum Engineering 406

• Lesson 2
• Well Control

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Read

• Well Control Manual
• Chapter 4-6
• Homework 1 Due Jan. 1/28/04

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Causes of Kicks - Tripping

• Failure to keep the hole full

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Causes of Kicks - Tripping

• Swabbing

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Causes of Kicks

• Lost circulation

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Causes of Kicks - Drilling

• Insufficient density of drilling fluid
• Drilling into Abnormal pressure

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Causes of Kicks - Other

• Annular flow after cement job
• Lost control during DST
• Drilling into adjacent wells
• Drilling through (shallow) gas zones at excessive
  rates

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Kick Warnings - Drilling

• Drilling break
• Increase in flow rate

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Kick Warnings - Drilling

• Pit gain

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Kick Warnings - Drilling

• Decrease in circulating pressure
• Increase in pump rate
• Well flows with pumps off

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Kick Warnings - Tripping

• Improper hole fill
• DO NOT WAIT FOR PIT GAIN OR FOR THE WELL TO FLOW
• What should you do if the well is not taking the
  proper fill on a trip?

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Shut In Procedures - Drilling

• Soft Shut In
• Pick up the kelly until the tool joint clears the
  floor.
• Shut down the pumps.
• Check for flow.
• If flowing, open the HCR valve.
• Close BOP.
• Close choke.

• Hard Shut In
• Pick up the kelly until the tool joint clears the
  floor.
• Shut down the pumps.
• Check for flow.
• If flowing, Close BOP.
• Open HCR valve.
• Close choke.

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Shut In Procedures - Drilling

• Soft Shut In
• Notify supervisors
• Read record SIDPP, SICP, Pit Gain, Time, Date
• Prepare to implement kill.

• Hard Shut In
• Notify supervisors
• Read record SIDPP, SICP, Pit Gain, Time, Date
• Prepare to implement kill.

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Shut In Procedures - Tripping

• 1. Set slips below top tool joint
• 2. Stab a full opening safety valve and close
  it.
• 3. Open the HCR and close the BOP, and choke
• 4. Pick up and stab the kelly or a pump-in line

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Shut In Procedures - Tripping

• 5. Open the safety valve.
• 6. Notify the supervisors.
• 7. Read and record SIDPP, SICP, Pit gain, TVD of
  Well, TVD of bit, time, and date.
• 8. Prepare to implement kill.

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Shut In Procedures - Diverters

• With diverters in use (prior to setting surface
  casing)
• DO NOT SHUT IN WELL - DIVERT.

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Shut In Procedures - Casing

• 1. Lower casing until a swage and valve can be
  stabbed.
• 2. Close the casing rams or annular preventer.
• 3. Stab the swage and valve.
• 4. Notify supervisor
• 5. Read and record pressures
• 6. Prepare to kill well

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Well Kill Methods

• Wait Weight method
• Drillers method
• Circulate weight
• Concurrent method

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Well Kill Methods

• Reverse circulation
• Dynamic kill
• Bullheading
• Lubricate and bleed
• Volumetric

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Constant BHP Well Control
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Wait Weight Method

• Weight up mud to KWM and complete kill sheet
• Circulate KWM to bit following decline schedule
• Circulate KWM back to surface maintaining FCP on
  drillpipe pressure

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Wait Weight Method
7000
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Wait Weight Method

• When well is full of KWM, Shut in well
• Check for remaining pressures
• If surface pressures are zero, check for flow by
  cracking choke
• If no flow, carefully open BOPs
• Circulate around again

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Wait Weight - Advantages

• Kill well in one circulation
• Least amount of maximum casing pressures

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Drillers Method

• Shut in well long enough to measured stabilized
  SI pressures
• Circulate kick fluids from wellbore with original
  weight mud maintaining ICP on drillpipe
• When kick fluids are circulated out, shut in well

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Drillers Method

• Weight up mud to KWM
• Circulate KWM to bit following pressure decline
  schedule
• Continue circulating KWM around maintaining FCP
  until KWM reaches surface
• Shut well in, check for pressures, flow etc.

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Drillers Method
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Drillers Method - Advantages

• Short shut in times
• Easy

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Circulate Weight

• Shut in long enough to measure stabilized SI
  pressures
• Begin circulating kick from wellbore with OWM at
  ICP
• While circulating, isolate one pit and begin to
  weight up to KWM
• When mud is weighted up, switch pump suction to
  weighted pit, and follow WW

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Circulate Weight - Advantages

• Best of WW and Drillers

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Concurrent method

• Weight up and circulate in increments
• Takes one complete circulation for each increment

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Reverse Circulation

• Circulate down annulus and up the drillpipe or
  tubing.
• Used extensively in workovers and completions

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Dynamic Kill

• For blowout control
• Use high pump speeds and viscosities to generate
  high annular friction pressures
• Annular friction used instead of surface choke
• For shallow gas
• Circulate as fast as rig pumps will allow through
  diverters
• DO NOT HOLD ANY BACK PRESSURE

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Bullheading

• Pump kill fluid down wellbore, usually at
  relatively high speeds to force formation fluids
  back into formation
• Used predominantly in
• Workover and completion operations
• Austin Chalk flow drilling
• When danger of H2S

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Lubricate Bleed

• Only applicable with gas at the surface
• Pump in KWM into wellbore
• Let KWM fall for some time
• Bleed off gas
• Repeat

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Volumetric Method

• Used when circulation is not possible or when gas
  is migrating in closed in well
• As surface pressures increase due to gas
  migration, bleed off excessive pressure and allow
  bubble to expand.
• Continue until circulation can be resumed or
  until gas reaches surface

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Use of Kill Sheet

• Pre-recorded information
• SPP
• Pump output
• Drillstring capacity
• Annular capacity
• Pressure limitations
• Circulation times
• Number of strokes

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Use of Kill Sheet

• Post kick information
• SIDPP
• SICP
• Pit gain
• Time
• Date

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Use of Kill Sheet

• Calculate
• KWM SIDPP/0.052/TVD OWM
• ICP SPP SIDPP
• FCP SPPKWM/OWM
• Plot Pressure Decline Schedule

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Kill Sheet
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Kill Sheet
Plot ICP
Plot FCP