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Central Processing Unit

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Title: Central Processing Unit Author: westfall Last modified by: Campus Computing & Networking Created Date: 9/19/2003 2:59:20 PM Document presentation format – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Central Processing Unit


1
Central Processing Unit
  • CPU or Processor

2
Central Processing Unit
  • Components
  • Control Unit
  • Arithmetic Logic Unit

3
Central Processing Unit
  • Control Unit
  • Reads Interprets Program Instructions
  • Directs the Operation of the Processor
  • Controls the flow of programs and data into and
    out of memory

4
Central Processing Unit
  • Arithmetic Logic Unit
  • Arithmetic
  • Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division
  • Logic
  • Comparisons

5
Central Processing Unit
  • Machine Cycle
  • Fetch
  • Decode
  • Execute
  • Store

6
Central Processing Unit
  • Fetch
  • Calls an instruction into memory

7
Central Processing Unit
  • Decode
  • Figures out what the instruction is trying to do

8
Central Processing Unit
  • Execute
  • Does the decoded instruction
  • Add 22

9
Central Processing Unit
  • Store
  • Puts the answer 4 into memory for use by another
    instruction

10
Central Processing Unit
  • Clock Cycle
  • A Crystal Oscillator on the Motherboard
  • It paces the machine cycle

11
Central Processing Unit
  • Clock Cycle
  • Measured in MHz or GHz
  • Megahertz 1,000,000 cycles/sec
  • Gigahertz 1,000,000,000 cycles/sec

12
Central Processing Unit
  • Clock Cycle
  • One clock cycle is calculated by dividing 1 by
    the MHz or GHz
  • Example (800 MHz CPU)
  • 1/800,000,000
  • 0.00000000125 or
  • 1.25 nanoseconds (nano billionth)
  • (1.25 billionths of a second)

13
Central Processing Unit
  • Clock Cycle
  • The shorter the clock cycle the faster the
    processor

14
Central Processing Unit
  • Pipelining
  • Executing multiple instructions at the same time

FETCH DECODE EXECUTE STORE
Instruction 1
Instruction 2
Instruction 3
Instruction 4
15
Central Processing Unit
  • Parallel Processing
  • Multiple processors work together to complete a
    set of instructions

CPU 01
Control CPU
Answer
CPU 02
16
Central Processing Unit
  • Dual-Core
  • A dual-core CPU combines two independent
    processors and their respective caches and cache
    controllers onto a single silicon chip

17
Central Processing Unit
  • Dual-Core

18
Central Processing Unit
  • Dual-Core Advantages
  • Less Power
  • Less Space
  • Better Performance

19
Central Processing Unit
  • Dual-Core Disadvantages
  • Require Different OS
  • Scalability more limited
  • Lower production yields

20
Central Processing Unit
  • INTEL
  • AMD
  • TRANSMETA
  • MOTOROLA

21
Central Processing Unit
  • INTEL

22
Central Processing Unit
  • AMD

23
Central Processing Unit
  • TRANSMETA

24
Central Processing Unit
  • MOTOROLA IBM

25
Central Processing Unit
  • Questions
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