inner city development 1

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Inner City Development
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1 pengembangan lingkungan permukiman baru dan
pusat kegiatan baru (new development)

• 2
• perbaikan dan peningkatan kualitas lingkungan
• (redevelopment, renewal, reconstruction,
  revitalization, regeneration)

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definisi
the older, central part of a city, often
characterized by crowded, run-down, low-income
neighborhoods
The term inner-city is often applied to the
poorer parts at the centre of a major city. In
the United States and United Kingdom, the term
"inner city" is sometimes used with the
connotation of being an area, perhaps a ghetto,
where people are less educated and wealthy and
where there is more crime. These connotations are
less common in other Western countries, where
deprived areas may be located in outlying parts
of cities. ...
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• Life cycle theory
• seperti juga makhluk hidup, kota memiliki siklus
  hidup (life cycle) yang berjalan lahir,
  berkembang, mapan dan menurun. Pemerintah kota
  harus tanggap terhadap setiap tahapan, sehingga
  dapat mengambil tindakan yang tepat.
• Di area pusat kota Jakarta (inner city area),
  beberapa kawasan hunian terencana (planned
  residential area) yang dibangun tahun 60-70an
  telah mengalami penurunan kualitas (perubahan dan
  pencampuran land use tak teratur, penurunan nilai
  ekonomi, penurunan kualitas ruang terbuka,
  kesemrawutan wajah bangunan dan lingkungan,
  polusi udara dan suara, macet, kehilangan urban
  life dan identitas lokal, dst)
• Tindakan apa yang harus dilakukan?

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latar belakang permasalahan demographic profile
changes high tech research high quality
services jobs elderly people globalization,
multi ethnic multi cultural society inner
city decline change of business
activities relocation industry area policy the
rise of foreigner quality of life green
total sustainability high quality of
housing city competitiveness UE borderless
phenomenon IT clustering development city
marketing
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Revitalization heritage, historical
area Renewal Informal area, decline
area Redevelopment large-scale projects
(flagship project) Regeneration Renaissance
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The goals of inner city development a.
Eliminating substandard housing b. Revitalizing
city economies c. Construction good housing d.
Reducing de facto segregation
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Positive impacts a. Attract (big amount of)
investments b. Generate local/urban economic
growth c. Supply job opportunities d. Revive
the decline of inner city area
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Negative impacts a. Gentrification as a zero sum
game, local inhabitants as a victim b. Social
disparity and class segregation c. A creative
destruction (of urban structure) d. More heavy to
commercial (economic growth) interests than
community interests
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Inner City Development as Flagship Project
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Priorities of project The city of Malmo is in
a transition period, changing from an industrial
city to a city of information and knowledge.
The priorities are to combine large investments
in infrastructure and an increasing population
with sustainable development. Building new and
revitalizing old residential areas are urgent
needs in the fast growing region. The
development should increase quality of life for
citizens and minimize the environmental impact on
them.
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• Bo 01 City of Tomorrow
• Bo01 a European Housing Exposition scheduled
  for May 11 September 9, 2001 is sited on a
  post-industrial waterfront in Malmö.
• Bo01, also referred to as the City of Tomorrow,
  is the first phase of a long-term development
  plan for the Västra Hamnen (Western Harbour) area
  in Malmö.
• The Exposition consists of two parts a newly
  constructed urban district with about 800
  apartments and a temporary exhibition regarding
• The City of Tomorrow in the ecologically
  sustainable information and welfare society.

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• Bo01 is understood to be an outstanding project
  for the following reasons
• The project is expected to become a driving
  force in Malmös overall development as a
  sustainable city
• Bo01 is envisioned as a model for the
  reclamation of industrial harbor sites
• The area is expected to be provided with 100
  renewable energy
• Advanced systems are to be implemented for
  local (re)-cycling of water, resources and
  wastes
• Mobility systems are planned including vehicles
  powered by environmentally-friendly fuels.

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Melbourne Waterfront Project
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Urban Regeneration comprehensive and integrated
vision and action which leads to the resolution
of urban problems and which seeks to bring about
a lasting improvement in the economic, physical,
social and environmental condition of an area
that has been subject to change
Variations of Urban Regeneration Self-supported
Municipal Improvement Districts/SMID (Iowa),
Special Improvement Districts/SID (New Jersey),
Community Improvement Districts/CID (Missouri),
Public Improvement Districts/PID (Texas),
Economic Improvement Districts/EID (Oregon),
Parking and Business Improvement
Associations/PBIA (Washington), Improvement
Districts for Enhanced Municipal Services
(Arizona), Municipal Special Services Districts
(Connecticut), Business Improvement Areas
(Canada), and City Improvement Districts/CID
(South Africa).
Urban Renaissance (UK)
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urban regeneration ENTRUST- Empowering
Neighborhood through Resource and Synergies with
Trade (2004)
1. Aims of regeneration 2. Private sector
involvement 3. The role of community
participation 4. Mainstreaming and anchoring
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Aims of regeneration In the past, traditionally
urban regeneration was mainly concerned with
physical improvement, over time the aims and the
means of regeneration have become multi-faceted
and more complex to deal with. They integrate
different sectors and actors on several levels
and contexts, combining physical investment in
'hardware' with investment in the social
'software' of a neighborhood. Inner city
neighborhoods are not isolated islands they are
embedded in a city-wide system of relations and
functions and play a certain role there. So,
successful urban regeneration approaches have to
be integrated into regional strategies in order
to make use of such connections. The others key
words are manage tensions and conflicts between
actors and level of interests, based on
transparency and democratic processes, the
regeneration as a learning system which mainly
concern on process then outputs.
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Private sector involvement There are many
dimensions to the private sector and there is a
variety of reasons to bring private partners into
urban regeneration as much as there are many
types of involvement. The private sector includes
commercial enterprises (local businessmen,
non-personal companies, house owners and real
estate developers), the 'third sector'
(not-for-profit organizations) and also residents
and consumers. Instruments to involve the
private sector include formal partnership
arrangements, network structures, private
lending, direct investment, participation in
decision-making structures, and corporate social
responsibility (sponsorship).
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Community participation . community involvement
is about bringing in those who have a 'stake' in
the neighborhood those who live there, those
who work there and those who are the owners and
customers of local businesses and services.
Participation can mean taking part in the
design of a development program and/or taking
part in its implementation. In general, one aim
of all participation efforts is to empower the
community.
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Mainstreaming and anchoring Urban regeneration
is a very special case of public policy. It
differs from other public sector tasks. One major
finding is that they are still mostly
experimental in character and have only been
running for some years or are being under review.
They are only employed for deprived neighborhoods
and do not represent a city-wide approach to
urban governance, and they do not replace ongoing
servicing of the neighborhoods, which is still
sectorally organized. a core challenge of urban
regeneration schemes is to create more
sustainable solutions and through finding ways to
integrate regeneration policies into the
mainstream sectoral policies of the cities.