Specimen collection

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Specimen collection

• Role of the Nurse

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Nurses often assume the responsibility of
specimen collection

• Specimens consist
• Urine
• Stool
• Sputum
• Wound drainage
• Blood

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What about the client?

• Comfort
• Privacy
• Questions
• Clear, concise directions
• NPO

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The Nurse

• Check physician orders
• Keep it Simple directions to client
• Standard precautions
• Label specimen
• Timely
• CS to lab ASAP or refrigerated
• Documentation

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Urine Specimen

• Random
• Clean
• Female ? Menses (make note)
• Tested for
• Specific gravity
• pH
• Albumin
• Glucose
• Microscopic exam

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Urine for CS

• Culture ? Bacteria growing
• Sensitivity which antibiotics are effective
• Readings after 24 48 72 hrs.
• Midstream Urine
• Sterile Catheter Specimen
• (never from bag)

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Why a urine specimen for CS

• ? Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
• Frequency
• Urgency
• Dysuria
• Hematuria
• Flank pain
• Fever
• Cloudy, malodorous urine

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Obtaining specimen

• Wash hands
• Clean meatus, female front to back
• Start stream, then stop, collect specimen
• Aseptic technique
• Bedpan/mexican hat
• To lab 15-20min post collection

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Children

• Pediatric bags ( u Bag)
• Never squeeze diaper

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Characteristics of Urine

• Color
• Clarity
• Odor

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Specimen Collection

• Random Specimens
• Clean-not sterile
• Ordered for
• Urinalysis testing
• Measurement of specific gravity
• pH
• Glucose levels

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Urine specimen collection

• Midstream Specimen
• Clean voided
• CS
• 30-60 mls urine
• Sterile Specimen
• Indwelling catheter
• Drainage bag

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Urine collection

• Timed urine specimens
• 2-72 hr intervals (24hr most common)
• Begin after urinating
• Note start time on container requisition
• Collect all urine in timed period
• Post Reminder Signs

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Indwelling Catheter

• Strict aseptic technique
• Only from Bag if Brand new
• Sampling Port?
• Clamp 30 min. prior
• Wash hands Glove
• Cleanse port with alcohol swab
• Sterile needle
• To lab 30 min (may refridge 2hrs)

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Common Urine Lab Tests

• Routine Urinalysis
• Examine within 2hrs
• 1st voided specimen in AM
• Reagent strip
• Specific Gravity
• Concentration
• 1.010-1.025
• Urine glucose
• Diabetics
• Reagent strips
• Double void

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Measuring chemical properties of urineUrinalysis

• Glucose
• Ketones
• Protein
• Blood- hematuria
• pH
• Specific gravity
• Microscopic examination

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Stool Specimen

• Analysis of fecal material can detect
  pathological conditions ie tumors, hemorrhage,
  infection
• Tests
• OB
• Pus
• Ova Parasites

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URINE COLLECION
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URINE COLLECION
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URINE COLLECION
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URINE COLLECION
24 hours urine container
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URINE COLLECION
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URINE COLLECION MEXICAN HAT
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LEG BAG
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BED BAG
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MID STREAM URINE COLLECTORS

• The laboratory analysis of urine specimens from
  hospital and home based patients represents an
  important part of 'first line' diagnosis for the
  patient. It is therefore important to gain the
  specimen effectively and easily.Universal offer a
  range of mid-stream urine collector kits to
  accomadate all catergories of patient. Available
  with Boric Acid to prolong the life of the sample

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INTERMITTENT CATHETERS

• The Universal intermittent female catheter is a
  clear 20cm long medical grade PVC tube. Available
  in sizes 10fg - 14fg. The distal tip is rounded
  with two smooth polished staggered eyes and the
  proximal end has a funnel connector. Supplied
  individually wrapped and sterile

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URINE DRAINAGE BAG HANGERS

• The Universal wire self-standing hanger can be
  adapted to fit most designs of 2000ml drainage
  bag. Stable yet lightweight design, supplied
  singly

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Stool Specimen

• Analysis of fecal material can detect
  pathological conditions ie tumors, hemorrhage,
  infection
• Tests
• OB
• Pus
• Ova Parasites

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Fecal specimens

• ? Chemical preservatives
• Medical aseptic technique
• To lab on time
• Labelling
• Documentation
• Guaiac Test
• Colorectal cancer screening test
• FOBT
• Hemoccult slide test

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Fecal Characteristics

• Color
• melena
• Odor
• Consistency
• Frequency
• Amount
• Shape
• Constituents

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Guaiac Test

• Single positive test result does not confirm
  bleeding or colorectal cancer.
• Repeat test 3X
• Meat free, high residue diet