Psychohygiene And Psychoprophylaxis In Age Aspect

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Psychohygiene And Psychoprophylaxis In Age Aspect
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The bachelor as the teacher

• A problem of therapy from the point of view of
  influence of the bachelor on a self-consciousness
  of the patient is improvement of his ability to
  conscious purposeful managements of a mental
  self-regulation, to active counteraction of
  illness.
• The bachelor as the teacher at dialogue with the
  patient most completely realizes a principle " a
  recovery through comprehension " and that
  position known to much clinicians, that
  frequently it is necessary not only to treat the
  patient, but also to learn and bring up.

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Education of patients

• To learn - means to add to the person of
  knowledge which relieve of the big scale of
  experiences, high level of alarm and feeling of
  pavor.
• Education provides repeated, patient, easygoing
  repetition of some positions with which help
  patients get rid of delicacies, the mistakes,
  harmful habits, from prejudices, tendentiousness,
  biases and superstitions.

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The pedagogical psychotherapy

• The pedagogical psychotherapy is natural
  continuation of a rational psychotherapy,
  answering completely to modern problems of
  psychoneurological and somatic clinics.
• It stimulates flexibility and efficiency of
  clinical thinking of bachelors, enriches
  principles of a complex psychotherapy, allowing
  in the form of an individual or collective
  psychotherapy to solve the pressing questions of
  intensive treatment and prophylaxis.

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Problems to be solved

• Disposal of patients of ignorance and mistakes of
  judgement
• Correction of the big scale of experiences, a
  high level of alarm and feeling of pavor
• the Substantiation and suggestion of optimistic
  medical prospect
• Social activation of the falling ill person

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The bachelor should be by all means the
psychologist

• In the present conditions the bachelor should be
  by all means the psychologist because it will
  allow it to be guided more precisely in a
  characterology, personal reactions of people,
  will help to study features of thinking of the
  patient, and also to find out his moral - ethical
  and social installations.
• The bachelor should be also the teacher freely
  owning didactics because many positions of a
  psychohygiene demand from people of steady
  skills, performances of obligatory rules,
  references without which this activity becomes
  abstract and even ephemeral.

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The cultural aspects

• The culture of people is shaped and reaches the
  big heights only then when 4 following aspects
  are united education, training, knowledge and
  constant perfection of the person. Education
  leans on continuity of human experience which
  develops and improved from generation to
  generation.
• The bachelor engaged in medical pedagogics,
  constantly uses collective experience and by way
  of the trade, and in the field of interfacing
  sciences.

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Professionally important qualities

• Skill to give to people, keeping thus goodwill,
  partnership, sincere to be useful, feeling of
  human advantage
• To be magnanimous, indulgent, ready to quiet
  repetition of fundamental positions (education -
  it quiet, repeated, easygoing repetition)
• To take a position of the imperceptible principal
  and the appreciable assistant, to avoid
  instructive tone, to remember and carry out a
  rule " Helping, do not humiliate "
• To be always and in all punctual as strong-willed
  qualities of the person begin with punctuality.
  The will is shaped through overcoming of
  difficulties and consequently it is necessary to
  learn to be pleased to difficulties, to
  obstacles, to not avoid them, and to meet and
  overcome.

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Professionally important qualities

• To be kind, indulgent, to be able to forgive
  tactlessness in words and actions of patients for
  kindness is necessary as a hobby, is exact the
  same as also health for a body.
• To be in an amicable way dissatisfied itself, to
  improve itself, the knowledge, the
  characterologic qualities, indefatigably to find
  new, more effective ways to the work.
• To share the experience with colleagues. To be
  able to listen, develop in itself not only
  speech, but also " art of silence ".

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A basis of good resistibility to illness

• A basis of good resistibility to illness are
  properties of an organism, nervous system, and
  their concrete diffraction in requirements
  inherent in the given person, aspirations and in
  activity induced by them are not in themselves.
• The active vital position and, accordingly,
  intensive counteraction of illness, as a rule,
  are based on the account of interests of a
  society. Patients for whom appreciable social
  interests are characteristic, actively cooperate
  with the bachelor during treatment. The major
  precondition of successful treatment is
  development of conscious motivation on active
  overcoming of illness.

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The problem "patient - illness"

• The problem "patient - illness", knowledge
  represents patients of the illness the big
  interest, however thus it is necessary to take
  into account influence of psychogenic factors, an
  emotional condition of the patient, a constant
  mutual induction of the patients discussing each
  sign and illnesses each other, possible
  complications, character of treatment, the
  forecast, etc.
• Formation of an estimation of illness is
  influenced with contact to seriously ill
  patients, the data gathered from conversations
  with relations and familiar, with the personnel
  and other persons.

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The attitude to illness

• Normal, that is corresponding to a condition of
  the patient or that reported to it about disease
  
• Scornful when the patient underestimates gravity
  of disease, it is not treated, concerning the
  forecast shows unreasonable optimism
• Denying at which the patient " does not pay
  attention " to illness, drives away from itself
  ideas about it, does not address to the bachelor
  
• Nosophobic when the patient disproportionately is
  afraid of the illness, it is repeatedly surveyed,
  changes bachelors, he to a greater or lesser
  extent understands, that his fears are
  exaggerated, but cannot struggle with them
• Hypochiondrial at which the patient is convinced
  that suffers serious disease.
• Nosophilic, connected with " the certain calm and
  pleasant feelings at illness.

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Patients vital position

• The strongest positive takes of a psychotherapy
  are reached, if it is possible not only to change
  the attitude of the patient to immediate
  psychotraumatic circumstances, but also his vital
  positions as a whole.
• It is conditionally possible to allocate the
  certain sequence in forms of behaviour of the
  bachelor during a psychotherapy.
• At the first occurring with the patient, bachelor
  is minimally active, not directive, promotes
  sincere disclosing of emotional experiences of
  the patient, creation of confidential contact.
• Then, raising the activity, the bachelor starts
  finding-out of " an internal picture of illness
  ", to verbalization by the patient of all of his
  representations connected to comprehension of
  illness, expectations from treatment and
  prospects of convalescence.

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Carrying out of correction concept

• Carrying out of correction concept of illness at
  the patient, the bachelor discusses with it the
  data of his inspections, convinces, that the
  reasons of illness are covered not in organic
  changes, helps to catch connection of emotional
  factors with a symptomatology. During this period
  the bachelor gives the patient the corresponding
  information and acts in a role of the expert.
• Mutual relations with the patient go deep, the
  bachelor becomes the assistant in a hard work of
  the patient above his private world.
• At the final stage the bachelor again strengthens
  the activity and even a direct in test and
  fastening by the patient of new ways of
  experience and behaviour.

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For effective realization of any suggestions are
necessary

• Deep contact to the patient, got not only during
  dialogue, but also multilateral use of materials
  of self-ratings of the patient
• the Clinical analysis, acquaintance with a social
  - psychological portrait of the patient
• Separate psychotherapeutic methods and receptions
  during reorganization of system of attitudes of
  the person
• Change of the attitude not only for disputed
  experiences, but also for concrete current
  everyday situations
• Coordination of personal and public interests,
  normalization of interpersonal attitudes,
  interactions with family, people, a society.

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Main principles of simple psychotherapeutic
treatment

• Dont overpersuade the patient that " he cannot
  have those attributes of which he complains ",
  and on the contrary, clearly to explain to it the
  mechanism of occurrence of these attributes.
• At an explanation to use easily clear examples
  from daily life.
• To bring the patient to the decision of a
  disputed situation so that he, without helps and
  the seen help, but all imperceptibly supervised,
  has solved them.
• To carry out close influence on the person of the
  patient first of all in that sense to install
  confidence, that he does not have serious
  disease, and only functional infringement.
• There where it is necessary to involve in the
  decision of participating persons, for example,
  the wife, children, relatives, employees, etc.
• If necessary to refer to the psychiatrist.
• Dont suppose iatrogenias.

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The jatrogenia

• The jatrogenia is not short-term reaction of the
  patient to the wrong statement or action of the
  bachelor , and the fixed neurotic frustration
  having usually true reasons in the person of the
  patient and character of their attitudes with the
  bachelor .
• It represents some kind of the negative placebo -
  effect connected to certain expectations, fears
  and installations of the patient concerning
  illness, the bachelor and treatments.