Electromagnetic Black Hole Made of Metamaterials

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Electromagnetic Black Hole Made of Metamaterials

• B96901128 ???

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Outline

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Theory Structures
• 3. Experiments Results
• 4. Conclusions
• 5. References

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What is Black Hole?

• 1. Laplaces view
• 2. Schwarzschilds solution of Einsteins vacuum
  field equation (general relativity)

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Analogy Between Mechanics and Electromagnetic

• Curved space----inhomogeneous metamaterial
• Least action principle----Fermats principle

5
Characteristics

• Non-resonant structurebroad band light
  absorption
• Omnidirectional
• Lossy core and lossless shell.

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Usage

• Cross-talk reduction
• Thermal light emitting source
• Solar light harvesting

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Theoretic Analysis

• Hamilton equations
• pgeneralized momentum qgeneralized coordinate
• H Hamiltonian

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Theoretic Analysis

• For cylindrical structure,
• use semiclassical analysis3
• Inhomogeneous permittivity different
  potential.

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Inhomogeneous Permeability

• For n-1, 1, 2, 3
• Choose n2
• easiest to fabricate

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Structures

• Lossy circular inner coreELC resonator (20
  layers)
• Lossless circular shellI-shaped metamaterials
  (40 layers)

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ELC resonator

• t1.6mm,g0.3mm,p0.15mm,s0.65mm
• Resonate at 18GHz

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I-shaped

• w0.15mm, q1.1mm, 18GHz
• Different m, different e

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Experiment condition

• 18GHz
• Cell 1.8mm
• R108mm, Rc36mm, height5.4mm
• Fabricate on styrofoam board
• Parallel-plate waveguide near-field scanning
  system to measure

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Simulation

• Gaussian beam
• Absorbing rate 99.94, 98.72

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Simulation Experiment

• Narrow beam simulation, experiment

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Simulation of Plane wave

• Electric field and power flow.

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Simulation Experiment

• Nearby source excitation.

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Optical Frequency

• R20µm, Rc8.4µm, ?1.5 µm

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Conclusion

• Designed, fabricated, and measured an
  electromagnetic black hole.
• Really useful in solar light harvesting?

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Reference

• 1 Cheng,Q., Cui,T.J., Jiang,W.X., Cai,B.G. An
  electromagnetic black hole made of metamaterials,
  2009
• 2 Narimanov, E. E., Kildishev, A. V. Optical
  black hole Broadband omnidirectional light
  absorber. Appl.Phys. Lett. 95, 041106 (2009).
• 3 Landau, L. D., Lifshitz, E. M. The
  Classical Theory of Fields, 4th ed. (Butterworth
  Heinemann, 1999).