Instruction of Students with Intellectual Disabilities

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Instruction of Students with Intellectual
Disabilities

• Margaret Gessler Werts, Ph.D.
• Chapter 1

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History

• Persons with Mental retardation have always been
  in the population
• Mentioned in documents in tombs in Thebes
• Middle Ages Persons with Mental retardation
  considered angels
• Ancient Egyptians placed value on children

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History

• Greek and Romans practiced infanticide
• Greece Children considered property of the
  community
• Killed if they had a defect
• Rome Children considered property of parents

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History

• Middle Ages
• Medical advances .
• Hippocrates .
• Renaissance in Reformation .
• many are those who are ill were not thought to
  be mentally sick for as fools are of many kinds,
  so also are there many kinds of crazy people, not
  of one sort nor in one way, but in many ways of
  many sorts.

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History

• Platter
• Martin Luther
• were merely a mass of flesh with no soul.
• Salem witch trials

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History

• 17th and 18th centuries .
• begging rampant
• Institutional death rate at 75 to 80
• Periere
• Taught deaf mutes
• Developed simple sign language
• Pinel
• Moral treatment .
• Worked to free patients of asyllums

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Christmas in Purgatory1974 Burton Blatt and
Fred Kaplan
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History
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"There is a wide range among the States in the
cost per day spent for the care of the mentally
retarded. Six States spent less than 2.50 a day
per patient, while only seven States spent over
5.50 per day. Nationally, the average is 4.55
per day, less than one-sixth of the amounts spent
for general hospital care."
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"Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the
least of these my brethren, ye have done it unto
me."Matthew XXV, 40
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"Perfected and modified according to
circumstances, chains gave way (during the early
nineteenth century) to a long series of other
ingenuous contrivances, all designed to limit the
patient's freedom of movement. According to Oegg,
restraining devices were generally thought to be
as necessary for the preservation of life as
eating, drinking, etc."Emil Kraepelin
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Thank heaven! The crisis --The danger is passed,
And the lingering illness Is over at last
--And the fever called 'Living' Is conquered at
last."Edgar Allen Poe
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"Cast upon this globe without physical strength
or innate ideas, incapable in himself of obeying
the fundamental laws of this nature which call
him to the supreme place in the universe, it is
only in the heart of society that man can attain
the pre-eminent position which is his natural
destiny. With-out the aid of civilization he
would be one of the feeblest and least
intelligent of animals. . ."Jean-Marc-Gaspard
Itard
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We are wrestling with our own retardation to
cope, ultimately, with the retardation of others.
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"There are only two things wrong with most
special education for the mentally handicapped
it isn't special, and it isn't education."Alice
Metzner
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  Have you had a kindness shown? Pass it on.Henry Burton
  Have you had a kindness shown? Pass it on.Henry Burton
  Have you had a kindness shown? Pass it on.Henry Burton
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•  "Youngsters are often not taught to feed
  themselves it is easier to drape a sheet around
  their shoulders and arms and spoonfeed them. They
  are often not given furniture or toys or help
  they might get hurt. The meticulous attention
  paid to their corporal protection is in sharp
  contrast to the frequent failure to recognize
  those important aspects of personal dignity or
  feeling."Lewis B. Klebanoff

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• "It is clear that there should be legislation
  about education and that it should be conducted
  on the public system. But consideration must be
  given to the question. What constitutes education
  and what is the proper way to be
  educated?"Aristotle

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•  "A teacher who makes little or no allowance for
  individual differences in the classroom is an
  individual who makes little or no difference in
  the lives of his students."William Arthur Ward

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Human Rights Myth Or Reality Rosemary F.
Dybwad (1976)
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• Next it must be stressed that there is a marked
  difference between human rights and legal rights.
  Legal rights are either derived from specific
  statutes or from basic pronouncements of the
  judiciary, the courts. Human rights cover much
  broader ground. They grow out of the human
  existence itself, may be formulated by
  philosophers or pronounced by some body such as
  the United Nations.

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• Most legal rights relating to persons involve
  human rights, but you only need to recall the
  terror regimes of Hitler in Germany to remember
  legal rights which were devoid of any humanity.

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• Use What You Have
•  1862 American Tract Society
•  
• This way and that way he went, until I was close
  at his side. "Have you lost any thing, my little
  fellow?" I asked. I expected to have a bright
  young face turned up to mine as he replied but
  when the child raised his head, I was inclined to
  move away in disgust  

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• There was a silly, helpless look about the poor
  creature, that told at once why he was wandering
  hither and thither without any object. He had no
  mind to direct his steps. He was an idiot. His
  body was well he could eat and sleep and enjoy
  himself like a mere animal, but he had no mind to
  make bright his eye, and give to his face a
  pleasing expression.

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We Kept Our Retarded Child at Home.
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MR 67 A First Report To The President On The
Nation's Progress And Remaining Great Needs In
The Campaign To Combat Mental Retardation