Dr. Michael P. Gillespie

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Skeletal System

• Dr. Michael P. Gillespie

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Divisions of the Skeletal System

• The adult human skeleton consists of 206 named
  bones.
• Infants have more bones because not all bones
  have fused.
• Axial skeleton 80 bones
• Longitudinal axis (center of the body)
• Bones arranged along the axis skull bones,
  auditory ossicles, hyoid bone, ribs, breastbone,
  and backbone
• Appendicular skeleton 126 bones
• Upper and lower limbs (extremities), girdles
  (connect limbs to axial skeleton)

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Axial Skeleton

• Skull
• Cranium 8
• Face 14
• Hyoid 1
• Auditory Ossicles 6
• Vertebral Column 26
• Thorax
• Sternum 1
• Ribs 24
• Total 80

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Appendicular Skeleton

• Pectoral (Shoulder) girdles
• Clavicle 2
• Scapula 2
• Upper limbs (extremities)
• Humerus 2
• Ulna 2
• Radius 2
• Carpals 16
• Metacarpals 10
• Phalanges 28

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Appendicular Skeleton

• Pelvic (hip) girdle
• Hip, pelvic, or coxal bones 2
• Lower limbs (extremities)
• Femur 2
• Fibula 2
• Tibia 2
• Patella 2
• Tarsals 14
• Metatarsals 10
• Phalanges 28
• Total 126

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Types of Bones

• Long Bones
• Short Bones
• Flat Bones
• Irregular Bones
• Sesamoid Bones
• Sutural

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Types of Bones Based on Shape
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Bone Surface Markings

• Depressions and Openings
• Sites allowing the passage of soft tissue
  (nerves, blood vessels, ligaments, tendons) or
  formation of joints.
• Processes
• Projections or outgrowths on bone that form
  joints or attachment points for connective
  tissue, such as ligaments and tendons).

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Depressions and Openings

• Fissure narrow slit
• Foramen opening (hole)
• Fossa shallow depression (trench)
• Sulcus furrow (groove)
• Meatus tubelike opening (passageway)

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Processes

• Processes that form joints
• Condyle Large, round protuberance at the end of
  a bone (knuckle)
• Facet smooth, flat articular surface
• Head rounded articular projection supported on
  the neck of a bone

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Processes

• Processes that form attachment points
• Crest prominent ridge or elongated projection
• Epicondyle projection above a condyle
• Line long narrow ridge or border
• Spinous process sharp, slender projection
• Trochanter very large projection
• Tubercle small, rounded projection
• Tuberosity large, rounded projection

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Skeletal System Axial
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Principle Foramina of the Skull

• Carotid
• Hypoglossal
• Infraorbital
• Jugular
• Lacerum
• Magnum
• Mandibular

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Principle Foramina of the Skull

• Mastoid
• Mental
• Olfactory
• Optic
• Ovale
• Rotundum
• Stylomastoid
• Supraorbital

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Fontanels

• Membrane-filles spaces between the cranial bones
• soft spots
• Allow the skull to change shape as it passes
  through the birth canal

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Fontanels

• Anterior fontanel
• Between the parietal bones and the frontal bone
• Posterior fontanel
• Between the parietal bones and the occipital bone
• Anterolateral fontanels
• Between the frontal, parietal, temporal, and
  sphenoid bones
• Posterolateral fontanels
• Between the parietal, occipital, and temporal
  bones

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Medical Terminology

• Kyphosis exaggeration of the thoracic curve
• Lordosis an exaggeration of the lumbar curve or
  cervical curve
• Lumbar spine stenosis narrowing of the spinal
  canal
• Scoliosis lateral bending of the vertebral
  column

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Skeletal System Appendicular
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Right Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle
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Right Clavicle
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