Growth of International Trade

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Growth of International Trade

• 1000-1500 CE

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Objectives

• Establish interconnectedness of global trade
  prior to European maritime exploration
• Show trade links from Greenland to Japan to
  Madagascar
• Link cultural diffusion to the rise of Western
  Europe by 1500
• Show influence of trade routes on GO PERSIA

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Viking Atlantic Trade 900-1450

• Furs, fish, and ivory from Greenland
• Iron, wood, glass, and grain from Norway
• Spread Christianity to Greenland
• Norwegian ties to Hanseatic League and prosperity
  of Northern Europe

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Atlantic Trade Map
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Asian Land/River Trade Routes

• Silk Roads
• Silks, teas and porcelain from Guangzhou,China
• Woolen cloth, horses, and ivory from Central Asia
  
• Rubies, silver, and ebony from India
• Carpets, linen, brocade, and ceramics from the
  Abbasids-Samarkand, Uzbekistan
• Wine, perfume, glass, silk, and slaves(Slavs)
  from the Byzantines
• Furs,wood, amber, and grain from Kievan Russia

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Significance of Asian land trade

• Spread Buddhism and Christianity to China
• Created cultural diffusion of technology from
  East Asia to Europe
• Pax Mongolica (c1227-1478) kept trade routes open
  and flowing
• Created European desire for a water route to
  China to cut out Islamic middlemen

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Indian Ocean Trade Routes

• Slaves, ivory, gold, and iron from East Africa
• Porcelain, tea and silk from China
• Pottery from Burma
• Cloth, spices (pepper), and jewels from Calicut,
  India

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Zheng He
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Significance of Indian Ocean trade routes

• Caused cross-cultural contact throughout the
  coastal areas from East Asia to East Africa using
  the monsoon winds
• Opened African interior to trade with coast
• Caused rise of East African trading cities of
  Kilwa, Sofala, and Mogadishu
• Spread Islam to coastal Bantu speakers

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Trans-Saharan Trade

• Gold, ivory, slaves, exotic feathers and spices
  from Sub- Saharan Africa-Timbuktu
• Salt, cloth, and metalwork from Ceuta, North
  Africa

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Significance of Trans-Saharan Trade

• Aided in the rise of West African Empires of
  Ghana, Mali, and Songhai
• Caused cross-cultural contact between the
  Mediterranean world and West Africa
• Provided most of Europes pre-Columbian gold
• Spread Islam through West Africa

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Mediterranean Trade

• Constantinople/Byzantine Empire-Silk major
  terminus on the Silk Roads until 1206
• Venice-Fine glass and naval fleet (mude) to
  transport goods
• Spices, silks, and other Asian goods
• Cairo Alexandria, Egypt-The commercial centers
  between Europe, Southwest Asia and East Asia via
  Indian Ocean trade

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Portuguese Atlantic Trade

• Early exploration establishes colonies at
  Madereis and Canary Islands
• Create sugar plantation systems using African
  slaves-precursor to New World acquisitions
• Raids and contacts along West African coast
  strengthens resolve for water route to Asia
• African slave network tied to Europe
• 1500-Vasco da Gama reaches Calicut

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Islamic Areas by 1500