The Periodic Table: Tour of the Periodic Table

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The Periodic Table Tour of the Periodic Table
Key Terms

• Main-group elements ones in s-and p-blocks of
  the table that are called representative elements
  because they have a wide range of properties.
• See Figure 5 on page 124.

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Key Terms 2

• Main group elements have special sub groups like
  alkali metals (Group 1), alkaline-earth metals
  (Group 2), halogens (Group 17) noble gases
  (Group 18).
• See Fig. 6 pg 125 for alkali metals which react
  with water to make alkaline solutions (pH gt 7.0).

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Key Terms 3

• Alkali metals can be cut by a knife but lose the
  newly exposed shiny surface because the metal
  reacts with H2O O in the air.
• See Table 3 page 125 for their physical
  properties.

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Key Terms 4

• These metals are very reactive because they only
  have 1 valence electron, and losing it results in
  a stable electron configuration.
• Transition metal one that bonds with electrons
  in its inner shell before its outer shell

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Key Terms 5

• Ductile squeezable into wire
• Alloy solid or liquid mixture of 2 or more
  metals
• Lanthanide member of the rare-earth series with
  an atomic bet-ween 58 (cerium) 71 (lutetium)

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Key Terms 6

• Actinide any element of the actinide series
  where its atomic number falls between 89
  (actinium, Ac) through 103 (lawrencium, Lr)

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Tour of the Periodic TableThings To Do

• Locate the different families of main-group
  elements on the periodic table.
• Describe their characteristic properties and
  relate these to their electron configurations.

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Things To Do 2

• Locate other metals on the periodic table.
• Describe their characteristic properties and
  relate these to their electron configurations.

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Tour of the Periodic Table Main Group Elements

• S- p-block elements with regu-lar electron
  configurations (EC).
• Same group same of valence electrons whose
  configurations are ns1 to ns2p6.
• Here, n is the series or row .

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Main Group Elements 2

• Row doubles as the energy level principal
  quantum .
• For example, a Row 3 Group 2 element (Mg) would
  have an EC of 3s2.
• Group 16 in this row (Sulfur) would have an EC of
  3s23p4.

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Main Group Elements 3

• Since these elements are in the s- p-blocks,
  their valence electrons occupy s p orbitals.
• Group 2 alkaline-earth metals are slightly less
  reactive because they have 2 valence electrons.

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Main Group Elements 4

• It takes more time and energy to lose 2 electrons
  than one.
• Group 17 Halogens are very reactive because they
  need only 1 valence electron to have a full
  outermost energy level.

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Main Group Elements 5

• Groups 1 17 are alike in needing to move only
  one valence electron.
• However the 1st group loses but the 2nd one gains
  an electron.

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Main Group Elements 6

• Halogens are the most reactive nonmetals react
  with metals to form salts like NaCl.
• Calcium is the best know alkaline-earth (Group 2)
  metal its in bone, limestone, marble teeth.

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Main Group Elements 7

• Noble gases in group 18 are mostly unreactive not
  inert.
• They have a full outermost energy levels but can
  be made to react under extreme circumstances.

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Main Group Elements 8

• The strong stability and resultant low reactivity
  allow special uses like filling blimps.
• H is in a solo class because it is the most
  common element.
• Hs used to make ammonia, NH3, which is used to
  make fertilizer.

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Most Elements Are Metals

• Study Figure 11 on page 128.
• Metals share many properties like being great
  heat and electricity conductors, ductile
  malleable.
• Transition metals are in the center of the
  periodic table, Groups 3-12.

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Most Elements Are Metals 2

• Groups of transition metals or d-block elements
  do not have the same of valence electrons.
• HOWEVER, THE SUM OF THE OUTER d s ELECTRONS
  THE GROUP .
• They can lose 1 to 3 valence electrons, have
  lower reactivity than Groups 1-2 metals but keep
  other metal properties.

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Most Elements Are Metals 3

• Lanthanides actinides fill f-orbitals but are
  placed toward the bottom of the table in two rows
  to keep the table narrow.
• Lanthanides name of the 1st of these rows
  because in it elements have atomic s that
  follow lanthanum.

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Most Elements Are Metals 4

• Actinides name because elements in the row
  beneath lanthanides have atomic s that follow
  actinium.
• Left to right in these rows, electrons get added
  to 4f-orbitals in the lanthanides but 5f ones in
  the actinides.

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Most Elements Are Metals 5

• For actinides, the nuclear structure is more
  important than electron configuration.
• This is because their nuclei are unstable, and as
  a result they spontaneously break apart cause
  radioactivity.
• Uranium is the best-known actinide.

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Most Elements Are Metals 6

• Some other properties of metals include widely
  varying melting points with the highest (W,
  4322C) and among the lowest ones (Hg, -39C).
• They can be mixed to make alloys that eliminate
  the disadvantages of the solo metals.

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Most Elements Are Metals 7

• For example, brass is Cu Zn, which is harder
  than Cu and more resistant to corrosion.
• Sterling silver is mostly Ag with a little Cu.
• Steel is mostly Fe but has 0.2 - 1.5 carbon
  atoms usually tiny amounts of other elements
  like Mn and Ni.

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Most Elements Are Metals 8

• Consider finding an element in nature still in
  its pure elemental state.
• What does this reveal about its reactivity?