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Title: Email: mengxf@ouc.edu.cn

1
??????????
2
??????

?????
????????
???????????302 ??????????307
????13553001635
Email mengxf_at_ouc.edu.cn

3
????

????
???,??????
????,?????
??????????Matlab,????GrADS(?????)

4
????

??????????????,??????????????
????????????,?????????????????????????????????????
??
????????????,???????????????????

5
????

????????1 Ascii?2?????3 netcdf??
???????????1 Fortran???????2 Matlab???????
??????1 Graher 2 Surfer 3 Matlab
??????1 GrADS2 FERRET

6
????

Grapher2.doc
Surfer7.doc
Surfer8?????????.doc
MATLAB ????,??????
GrADS??????????
GrADS????grads-ug.pdf
FERRET USERS GUIDEferret_users_guide_v602.pdf

7
????

?????30
?????20??,?????
?????50????,????,???????

8
??? ??

????????????
??????
??????

??????????????????????,???????????????????

10
??????

Grapher, Surfer, Matlab, Origin?
Grapher????????
Surfer????????
Matlab?????????

11
??????

??????????????????????
GrADS, FERRET,GMT?

12
??? ????

????????
??????

13
????????

??????,?????,??,???,???,?????????????,?????????
,?????????????(?)??????,?????????,???ASCII?????
?????????????????

14
????????

????????,??,??,???
???????????????????????,??????
???????????????????????????????????????Levitus,
COADS, HadSST??????????,??????(?)???????,??(???
???)??????????????,???????Netcdf?????????????????
????

15
??????????

ASCII?(????)??????????????????,????,?????????
??????????????????????????????????(??????,???????
?????????)
NetCDF?????????????????????????(?????????????)

16
??

???????????????????,Grapher, Surfer, Matlab,
Netcdf for Matlab, Fortran, GrADS, Ferret
???(???????????????,???????),????????ETOPO5,
Levitus, COADS, Hadley SST, AVHRR SST, SODA, ECCO?

17
??????????
18
?????????????

????,???,???,?????
??????
????,????,????,???????????????????????????
????????????????

19
??????

Grapher, Surfer, Matlab, Origin?
Grapher????????
Surfer????????
Matlab?????????

20
Grapher??????

??Colorado?Golden Software???????????,
?????????,????????????

21
????1

???(???)????(line/symbol)???Levitus???????????(
???????????????)???????????Levitus????180E,EQ??
?????????????Levitus????180E, 30S(/ EQ /30N),
30m???????????TOGA-TAO?????????????????????

22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)
24
????2

?????(hi-low-close) ???????5????????????????20
05?1???

25
??2

????????????????????, ???????,????????

26
????3

??pie
?? bar??????????????????,50???2?,51-60?3?,61-70
?7?,71-80?15?,81-90?10?,91-10?3?,???????????????
?????????
????????????,??????

27
????1
28
????2
29
????3
30
????4
31
????5
32
????6
33
????7
34
Surfer??????

?Grapher??,Surfer????Colorado?Golden
Software???????????, ??????????,???????(?????????
????????,????????????????( .grd )??
???????,?????????????
??????????????????????? .grd, .bln,.CSB?

35
????.grd?????

GS ASCII?
GS ???(??)
Surfer7.grd

36
????

????
???????,??Surfer???????? .grd
(Blank??)
??

37
????1

??? (contour)?test.dat????
???1939?8?????????????,?????,???????1?C,??5?C????
?

38
????2

???(vector) ?????1??2?.grd??
?test.grd????

39
????3

????(base) ?????.bln, .csb??
?world.bln ?world0360.bln????

40
.bln?????

Length, flag
5,1 ?????(5),??(1,?????????blank?,0?????blank?)
X1,y1
X2,y2
X3,y3
X4,y4
X5,y5

41
????4

???????blank??????.grd, .bln
?test.grd????

42
????5

???(wireframe)
?sample3.dat????

43
????6

???(image map)
?sample3.dat????

44
????7

?????(shaded relief map)
?sample3.dat????

45
????8

2??????,????????
????(stack maps)
????(Overlay maps)
?sample3.dat????

46
????1
47
????2
48
????3
49
????4
50
????5
51
????6
52
????7
53
????8
54
Matlab??????

Matlab??Matrix Laborotory (?????)???
MathWorks????,???????,???????????????1984???1.0?,?
?????2006?
Matlab????????????????????????????????????????????
????

55
MATLAB???

1. ????
2. ??????????(Windows,Linux?)
3. ??????
4. ???????
5.??????????
6. ???????????????Mathematics, Maple?

56
MATLAB???

??????
??MATLAB???????,??,??????????,?MATLAB?????????????
?????(???????? )
?????
????????????????????,??MATLAB?????????????????????
????????

57
MATLAB ????
???
???
?????
????
??????
58
MATLAB ?????

????
? MATLAB ????????,?????????????????? MATLAB
???? File Set Path ??,??????????

??????
???????????
59
Netcdf for MATLAB ???

??netcdf toolbox.rar(??????????matlab????????,????
??)
????.?Matlab? File - Set path - Add with
subfolders ????????????mexcdf53_pcwin ? netcdf
???
? mexcdf53_pcwin\PCWIN ????dll?????MATLAB??
\bin\win32 ???

60
Matlab??????

????command window?????
???????.m??

61
???????
? ? ?????? ? ? ??????
cd ????????? hold ??????
clc ????? load ?????????
clear ?????? pack ??????
clf ?????? path ??????
diary ?????? quit ??MATLAB
dir ????????? save ???????????
lookfor ????.m??,???????? doc ???????html??
disp ????????? type ??????
echo ????????? help ??????,???
62
??????
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
???,??????? . ?????????
, ???,???????? ????
???????? ????????
() ???????? ????
???????? ! ????????
????????? ???????
63
Matlab????(????????????????)

??????? ????,??????????????????
???????

64

??????
? ? ? ? ? ?
?? 12
- ?? 1-2
?? 12
/?\ ?? 1/2??2\1
?? 21
65
Matlab??

??????? ???????????(???)?? ?????????
ASCII????? ????????
Netcdf?????
???????
????

66
ASCII?????

?? load ??\??? (.dat, .txt, .mat(???????,????lo
ad??))
? aaload(??\??? ) ?????????,?????aa
? fidfopen(??\??? ,r)datafscanf(fid,f)?
????????,?????data

67
????????

fidfopen('etopo5.gds','rb')
allfread(fid,4320,2161,'float32')
contour(all)
?
allfread(fid,inf,float32)
rosereshape(all,4320,2161)
contour(rose)

68
Netcdf?????

ncload('etopo120.cdf')
?
file???\???.cdf'
aanetcdf(file)
aa1 ??????????
.
aan

69
???????

???????

? ? ? ? ? ? ?
plot ?x??y?????????????
plot3 ?x??y??z?????????????
loglog ?x??y????????????
semilogx ?x??????,y????????????
semilogy ?y??????,x????????????
plotyy ???y???
70
(2)???????

???????

? ? ? ? ? ?
1. ?????? x 00.212y1 bessel(1,x)
2. ???????????????? figure(1) ,subplot(2,2,1)
3. ????????? h plot(x,y1,x,y2,x,y3)
4. ????????? set(h,'LineWidth',2,'LineStyle','--''''-.')
5. ?????????????????? axis(0 12 -0.5 1)
6. ???????????????????? xlabel('Time')ylabel('Amplitude')
7. ???? print -depsc -tiff -r200 myplot
71
(3)???????

plot(y)
plot(x,y)
plot(x,y1,x,y2,)
plot(x,y1,r,x,y2,)

72
?????

scatter(x,y) ???????
scatter(x,y,z)??x,y????????z???
scatter3(x,y,z)
scatter(x,y,s) s ??,???? rd
scatter(...,filled) ???????

73
???????

gtgt x 00.0110
gtgt ytan(x)
gtgt plot(x,y)
gtgt

74
?????????????

?????????????????

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
b ?? . ? - ??
g ?? x X?? ??
r ?? ? -. ???
c ??? h ???? -- ??
m ??? ?? (??) ???
y ?? s ??
k ?? d ??

plot(x,y,b,x,y,-.r)

75
??????

axis(xmin xmax ymin ymax
axis(xmin xmax ymin ymax zmin zmax
axis tight ????????????
axis ij ??????,??????
axis xy ????
axis on/off

76
????????

subplot?? ???????????
gtgt x 00.120
gtgt subplot(2,2,1)
gtgt plot(x,sin(x))
gtgt
subplot(m,n,p)
m?,n?,?p???subplot(m,n,12)subplot(2,2,1
3)subplot(2,2,2)subplot(2,2,4)

77
2. ????

????? title(.)
?????? xlabel(), ylabel()
???????????? text() gtext()
????? legend(,,)
??????? grid on/off

78
(1) ?????

?MATLAB?,??????3??????????
??Insert ????Title??
???????(Property Editor)
??title???

79
?????

gtgt x 0.12
gtgty1sin(x)
gtgty2 sin(x-0.25)
gtgty3 sin(x-0.5)
gtgt plot(x,y1,'-.b', x,y2,'--r', x,y3,'-.gh')
gtgt title('There three lines')
gtgt

80
(2) ??????

??????3??????????????
??Insert????Label??
???????(Property Editor)
??MATLAB ???????

81
??????????

???????(Property Editor)???????
??Tools??,??Edit Plot??,?????????
???????????,???????????????????,?????????Properti
es ???????????????View?????Property Editor??

82
(3)????????????

?????MATLAB???????????????,???????????????MATLAB
???text???gtext????????????gtext???????????,??????
?????? text(x,y,)gtext()

83
??????

gtgt xlinspace(-3,5,100)
gtgt ycos(x)
gtgt zsin(x)
gtgt plot(x,y,x,z)
gtgt title('?????????????')
gtgt xlabel('x?????')
gtgt ylabel('Y?Z??')
gtgt

84
(4)?????

???????????????,??????????,???????????????????????
3???????
??Insert ??????Legend??
???????legend??
??legend???legend str1,str2,str3,
legend(str1,str2,str3), legend off,
legend hide, legend show, legend(,pos),
pos1,2,3,4,-1??????????,??????,???,???

85
????? ??
86
(5)???????

????????,???????????????,???????????,MATLAB
??????grid?????????
grid off????????
grid on????????
grid minor??????????

87
?????????

gtgt xlinspace(-5,5,100)
gtgt yx.422x.2-6x10
gtgt plot(x,y)
gtgt grid on
gtgt

88
3. ???????

??????plot3(x,y,z) plot3(x,y,z,s)
?????????
????? mesh(z), mesh(x,y,z),mesh(x,y,z,c)meshc????
?????meshz??????????
????? surf(z),surf(x,y,z), surfc
????????? waterfall,????mesh
meshgrid ?????????????
gtgt x1150y1150
gtgt X Ymeshgrid(x,y)

89
(1)??????plot3

gtgt ???????????????
gtgt t 0pi/5020pi
gtgt plot3(sin(t),cos(2t),sin(t)cos(t))

90
(2) ?????

??mesh???????????
gtgt zpeaks(50)
gtgt mesh(z)
gtgt

91
(3)?????

???surf???????????
gtgt X,Ymeshgrid(-40.24)
gtgt Zexp(-0.5(X.2-Y.2))
gtgt surf(X,Y,Z)
gtgt

92
??????

???????(bar and area Graphs)
???(pie Charts)
???(hist)
??????(stem, stairs)
????????? (compass,quiver,quiver3,feather?)
??????(contour Plots)

93
(1)???????

??????????????????,????????????????????????????,??
????????????,??????????????

? ? ? ? ? ?
bar ????Y(mn)????????,?????????
barh ????Y(mn)????????,?????????
bar3 ????Y(mn)??????????,????????
bar3h ????Y(mn)??????????,?????????
area ??????????
94
bar(???)??

gtgt y1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
gtgtbar(y)

95
??

?????????????
????pie pie(x),pie(x,e),pie(x,e,labels)????pie3
??x??lt1,?x???????????????,???????????
pie(x,explode,labels)
pie(1 3 5 3,0 1 0 0,a,b,c,d)
?? ????????????
????

96
???

?????????
nhist(y), ?????y????10?
nhist(y,n),?????y????n?
???????????n,xouthist(y,n)bar(xout,n)??bar?
???????

97
(3)??????

stem ??(???)stem(Y),stem(X,Y)
stem3??stem3(Z),stem3(X,Y,Z)
stairs??(???) stairs(Y),stairs(X,Y)

98
????????

?? stem(y)?????????? ?
gtgt yrand(20,1)
gtgt stem(y)
gtgt

99
(4)?????????

compass?feather?quiver?quiver3?

? ? ? ? ? ?
compass ???????????????????
feather ????????????????????????
quiver ???(u,v)?????????? quiver(u,v) quiver(x,y,u,v) quiver(u,v,scale)
quiver3 ???(u,v,w)?????????? quiver3(z,u,v,w) quiver3(x,y,z,u,v,w)
100
???????????

?compass????????
gtgt w00.16
gtgt zsin(w).exp(jw)
gtgt compass(z)
gtgt

101
(5)??????

???????????????????????

? ? ? ? ? ? ?
clabel ??????????,???????????
contour ????Z???????contour(z), contour(x,y,z),contour(z,n)n????
contour3 ????Z???????
contourf ????Z???????,???????????????
contourc ???????????????????
meshc ?????????????????
surfc ?????????????????
102
??????

contour(z),contour(x,y,z)
contour(z,n) n??????
contour(z,v) v?????????,
????????1 3 5 6
gtgt x,y,zpeaks
gtgt c,hcontour(x,y,z)
gtgt clabel(c) ????????

103
????????

??contour?????????
gtgt x,y,zpeaks
gtgt contour(x,y,z)
gtgt

104
??????????

??contourf?????????
gtgt x,y,zpeaks
gtgt contourf(x,y,z,20)
gtgt colorbar

105
??????

colorbar(horiz) ?????
colorbar(vert) ?????

106
????????(1)

??Levitus???????????????????(??
???????????),????????????

107
????????(2)????????????

(??????????)???????????????????????,
??Matlab??????????
1.???????,??,???1,???2,.
2.???????????????
xilinspace(xmin,xmax,nx) yilinspace(y1,y2,ny)
3.XI YImeshgrid(xi,yi)
4.XI YI ZIgriddata(x,y,z1,XI,YI)
5.contour(ZI)
?? ?????????????????????????.bln,????Surfer?Gr
id blank????GS ASCII .grd??,??????Matlab???/?????
??Nan,????

108
?????

http//rimmer.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/coast/getcoast.htm
l
???????????,
?????????bln??, ?????????mat_to_bln.for

109
Ferret??????

Ferret??????NOAA/PMEL/ TMAP (National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration/ Pacific Marine
Environment Laboratory/the Thermal Modeling and
Analysis Project,?????????)??????????????????????
?????????????????????????????

110
??

???????,?????
????, EOF,FFT,??,??,????
????,??,??,??????,?????
??,???????????, ???Ferret?????????,??????????

111
????

??????????,???????????,???,???,???,????,??????,ras
ter(??),???,????,??????
????????(??Grads)
????????, ????????

112
Ferret??

??????????
????,??????Matlab,??????
????????,???????????
????????????(Ferret?????????Netcdf??,?Grads?Netcdf
?????????,?????????????)
???????? shaded sst con rose,cont
rose(?????????)
???? ????(ferret.jnl)????????,
??????????????????? (.jnl?????,??GrADS?.gs,Matla
b?.m??)

113
??

??ferret??,??????xwindows,?????????(?????????Grads
,???GrADS???xwindows???.)
???????Ferret,????Ferret?????,Thinking like a
Ferret (?????????)

114
Ferret

Ferret(????)??????,?????????????C\Program
Files\TMAP\fer_dsets\data\??etopo20.cdf,
etopo40.cdf, etopo60.cdf, etopo120.cdf,
levitus_climatology.cdf, coads_climatology.cdf,
esku_heat_budget.cdf, monthly_navy_winds.cdf,
polydata.cdf?
????Ferret??????

115
???????

Ferret????ASCII???,???????,???????????(??????????N
etcdf??,?????.nc? .cdf?????TMAP???????).
?Netcdf???????Ferret????????.

116
????????? set data

??ASCII????????
file/varvar1,var2, filename
fileset data/ez
Netcdf?????
use filename(.cdf) (??set data filename.cdf)
useset data/formatcdf

117
ASCII?????

????file/variableaa d\aa.datplot aa
????file/col2/varsaa,bb d\aabb.datfile/col
n/varsz1,z2,,zn d\z.dat
file_reading_demo.jnl

118
????????

????????????????????
binary_read_demo.jnl

119
Fortran???????????????????

REAL VARI(10), VAR2(10), VAR3(10)
...
OPEN(UNIT20,FORMAT'UNFORMATTED',ACCESS'SEQUENTI
AL',FILE'MYFILE.DAT')
...
DO 10 I1,10
WRITE (20) VAR1(I), VAR2(I), VAR3(I)
10 CONTINUE
...
set data/ez/FORMATUNF/VARvar1,var2,var3/col3
myfile.dat ??
(??\???)
file/FORMATUNF/VARvar1,var2,var3/columns3
myfile.dat

120
???????Fortran??????????????

real VAR1(1000), VAR2(500)
...
OPEN(UNIT20,FORMAT'UNFORMATTED',ACCESS'SEQUENTI
AL',FILE'MYFILE.DAT')
...
WRITE (20) VAR1
WRITE (20) VAR2
....
DEFINE AXIS/X15001 xaxis
DEFINE GRID/XXAXIS mygrid
FILE/FORMATstream/SKIP1003/GRIDmygrid/VARvar2
myfile.dat
1003????1?1000????2?????(2????1?????,??????2?????)
The argument 1003 is the sum of the 1000 data
words in record 1, plus 2 words of record length
information surrounding the data values in record
1 (variable var1), plus 1 word of record
information preceding the data in record 2.

121
?????????

REAL VARI(10), VAR2(10), VAR3(10)
...
OPEN(UNIT20,FORMAT'UNFORMATTED',ACCESSDirect',
FILE'MYFILE.DAT')
...
DO 10 I1,10
WRITE (20,reci) VAR1(I), VAR2(I), VAR3(I)
10 CONTINUE
...
file/formatstream/varvar1,var2,var3 myfile.dat

122
?????????

REAL4 MYVAR(10,5)
...
OPEN(UNIT20, FILE"myfile.dat", ACCESS"DIRECT",
RECL10)
...
DO 100 j 1, 5
100 WRITE (20,RECj) (MYVAR(i,j),i1,10)
....
DEFINE AXIS/X1101 x10
DEFINE AXIS/Y151 y5
DEFINE GRID/Xx10/Yy5 g10x5
FILE/VARMYVAR/GRIDg10x5/FORMATstream
myfile.dat
If the file consisted of a set of FORTRAN REAL8
or C doubles, then the data would look like
dddddddd dddddddd dddddddd ...
and the following Ferret commands would read the
data into "myvar"
DEFINE AXIS/X1101 x10
DEFINE AXIS/Y151 y5
DEFINE GRID/Xx10/Yy5 g10x5
FILE/VARMYVAR/GRIDg10x5/FORMATstream/typer8
myfile.dat

123
???????????

???????,?????x,y,z,t??,??,???????????,??????
...
def axis/x1nx1 xax
def axis/y1ny1 yax
def axis/z1nz1 zax
def axis/t1nt1 tax
def grid/xxax/yyax/zzax/ttax mygrid
file/formatstream/varnum,num1/gridmygrid
(file)

124
Netcdf?????

use ????\???
set data ????\???

125
????n??

???? use ???(???Netcdf????)set data ???
(??????????)
?????????? set region/x/y/z/t/I/j/k/l
????????????????,??con (sst-273.16)9/5
????frame/fileaaa.gif
????cancel ???(??????????)

126
???????

set window/new ???????
set window n ????n,???????, ???n???,???????
set window/aspect0.5 ???,???0.75
set window/size0.5 (lt1????)
Ferret????n?????,??????GrADS(????????)
set window/clear ?set window/c ? cancel
viewport????????
set window/location0,0.5
cancel window n ?????n???

127
?????

set viewport upper ????
set viewport lower????
???????,????
set viewport left
set viewport right
???????,????
set viewport ul /ur /ll /lr
???????,???????????

128
????list

/I/J/K/L /X/Y/Z/T /D /ILIMITS /JLIMITS /KLIMITS
/LLIMITS /XLIMITS /YLIMITS/ZLIMITS /TLIMIT
/APPEND /FILE /FORMAT /HEADING /NOHEAD
/TITLE /ORDER/RIGID /PRECISION /CLOBBER
/SINGLE /QUIET /WIDTH /EDGES /BOUNDS
list ???ii1i2,j.
list ??,????,?????

129
????i,j,k,l??????????

list ???ii1i2,j.
show grid/i/j/k/l var

130
.jnl???

go ???.jnl
??C\Program Files\TMAP\examples
?.jnl????Ferret

131
go tools???

go ???(.jnl)
?
go land
go fland
.
go tools???C\Program Files\TMAP\go

132
??????plot

PLOT /I/J/K/L /X/Y/Z/T /OVERLAY/ SET_UP /FRAME
/D/ TRANPOSE/ VS/ SYMBOL/NOLABEL /LINE /COLOR
/THICKNES /SIZE /HLIMITS /VLIMITS /TITLE
/STEP/NOAXES /DASH /NOYADJUS /AXES /HLOG /VLOG
/NOKEY
/I/J/K/L /X/Y/Z/T ????????? /X40E60W/OVERLAY
????????/D ????
plot/line/symbols/I130 sin(I)
plot/vs temp, salt
?????

133
??????contour

??? (contour/con)?????GrADS (set gxout
contour),?Ferret?contour??????
?levitus??????use levitus_ climatology
contour tempk1 (contour??????????)???,???
?????x,y??
?? set region/xx1x2/yy1,y2/zz1z1/tt1t2???
?????,?????con temp
??????? go land (???????)
?????? go fland red

134

contour?????????contour/I/j/k/l/x/y/z/t/d/fill/le
vels/key/nokey/line /I/j/k/l ???????
/x/y/z/t???????????????? /d ??/fill?????
/line?contour/fill??????/levels(lo,hi,delta)
/levels(lo,hi,delta,ndigits) ?contour????,
????
??????????/levels 40 ??????40 40c
??????0,??0 2000d?????2000
2000dc?????2000??????0 /levels(
5)??????5???? /levels (inf)(lo,hi,delta)(inf)
????(lo,hi,delta) ??????,???????????
/key ??colorbar,keycontinous???colorbar/nokey?co
lorbar ???contour/fill????key???

135

contour??(?)contour/noaxis/palette/pen/sigdigs
/size/spacing/nolabels/overlay/title/noaxis????
/palette ???? /pen????/sigdigs???????????????
/size ?????????/spacing?????/nolabels
???ferret???????overlay ? /ov
?????????????/title. ?????

136
????

???
go mp_demo.jnl
mercator???????
go mercator_demo ymin, ymax yticks

137
??????fill

fill contour/fill
?????,???contour/line??
????????GrADS (set gxout shaded)

138
??????shade

????,???contour/line???
?????GrADS (set gxout fgrid)

139

shade?????????shade/I/j/k/l/x/y/z/t/d/frame/key/l
evels /line/noaxis/nokey/nolabels/overlay
/palette /title/transpose/modulo/hlimits
/vlimits/ axes/transpose??????/hlimits
/vlimits/ ???????/axes 1 1 0 0????????,?0????

140
??????vector