Unit I: Colonialism and the American Revolution

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Unit I Colonialism and the American Revolution

• Examining the formation of the American Identity

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Essential Questions 1. What elements in
colonial society fostered revolution?2. How did
the issues of the American Revolution contribute
to the formation of a unique American Identity?
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Colonial AmericaAmerican Pageant Chapters 2-4

• 1500s-1750s

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Planting English America

• America was multicultural from the beginning.
• Who came before the English?
• Spanish South America and Southeast
• French Interior, Canada and Louisiana
• What were some of the issues they experienced?
• Who did they affect in their pursuit of the New
  World?
• What led the English to colonize America?

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Planting English America

• Incentives for Colonization Resources
• Wool The demand for wool made many in England
  use their land for Sheep herding rather than
  farming.
• Food The supply declined while the population
  was rebounding from the plague. People needed
  LAND.
• Mercantilism This is the belief that the worlds
  wealth was finite. One person or nation could
  grow wealthy at the expense of another. This led
  to a dash for land in the New World for
  RESOURCES.
• All this contributes to the industrial revolution
  and the great changes in Europe - leading to the
  other incentive to find new lands - Religion.

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Planting English America

• Incentives for Colonization Reformation
• Martin Luther Germany 1517. He challenged some
  of the basic principles of Catholicism. The 95
  theses led the movement against the church.
• John Calvin Rejected the notion that human
  behavior affected salvation. Believed in
  predestination. God elected those who would
  succeed.
• English Reformation King Henry VIII broke ties
  with the Catholic church, making himself the head
  of the Church of England. The Pope refused to
  grant a divorce from his wife. This led to
  widespread issues among Catholics and
  Protestants.
• Queen Mary After the death of the King brought
  back the Catholic church.
• Elizabeth I Upon taking the throne, severed ties
  with the church once again.
• Puritans and Separatists Wanted to completely
  reject the Catholic doctrine. They felt that the
  Church of England was too much like the old
  church.

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Planting English America

• First Colonies in America
• Roanoke The Lost Colony
• Charter Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Walter Raleigh
  obtained permission to begin a venture into the
  New World. Gilbert was lost at sea in 1583 and
  left Raleigh with the charter.
• The Colony With Sir Richard Grenville, the two
  led a small group of men to Roanoke island.
  Grenville left the colony to fend for themselves
  in 1585. The settlers had a difficult time with
  the Natives and the venture was abandoned.
• Croatoan In 1587, they tried again, leaving a
  group on the island. This time the colony
  disappeared. After the war with the Spanish in
  1588, the English reurned to only find CROATOAN
  etched on a tree.

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Roanoke Colony
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Planting English America

• First Colonies in America
• Jamestown
• Aftermath of Roanoke The failed venture defined
  the next attempts in many ways 1. Colonies
  became businesses 2. Most colonies were tied to
  the crown 3. Each colony would transplant a
  piece of the English society 4. Nothing worked
  out as planned
• Early Chesapeake 104 settlers survived the
  journey to America and settled on the shores of
  the Chesapeake bay in 1607. They established a
  colony on a river they names James. They called
  the colony Jamestown.
• Problems and Leadership Malaria and other
  epidemics plagued the colonists. JOHN SMITH a 27
  year old traveler took the lead and devised a
  system, imposing work and order to help the
  colony.

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Jamestown
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Planting English America

• First Colonies in America
• Jamestown
• Virginia Company Was the business venture that
  led to the creation of Jamestown. Through
  Indenture Servitude they gave settlers free
  passage to Virginia as long as they provided 5-7
  years of service.
• Starving Time From 1609-1610 the colony
  experienced drought and disease. The Native
  Americans from the region fought the settlers,
  keeping them in the fort. They lived on anything
  possible.
• John Smith Recounts the Starving Time
• The starving time is representative of the clash
  of cultures that happened in the New World. It
  led to issues with the Powhatan (The Native
  American Chief) and the settlers.

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Planting English America

• First Colonies in America
• Jamestown
• First Anglo-Powhatan War Lord De La Warr came to
  the colony after the starving time and declared
  war against the Native Americans. The peace
  settlement ended with John Rolfes marriage to
  Pocahontas.
• Tobacco Rolfe figured out a way to harvest the
  tobacco, saving the colony from financial ruin.
  Indentured servants were originally the primary
  labor force for the colonies, but in 1619 the
  first slaves were introduced to the colonies from
  a Dutch Ship.
• War Despite the cooperation between Rolfe and
  the Natives, another attack came from the
  Powhatan in 1622, which killed Rolfe and other
  settlers.
• Second Anglo-Powhatan War in 1644 the Natives
  tried to remove the settlers one last time, but
  failed. Eventually the Native Americans were no
  longer a factor in the region.

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Planting English America

• First Colonies in America
• Jamestown
• Question to discuss
• How does the treatment of the Powhatan set the
  tone for future relation with Native Americans
  and the English?
• How does this treatment contribute to the
  development of American Identity?

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Maryland

• Maryland and the Calverts
• George Calvert The first lord of Baltimore,
  wanted to establish a colony in the new world,
  but died before he could achieve this goal. He
  was a Catholic Convert and wanted a place to get
  away from Anglican oppression. His son achieved
  the charter in 1632.
• The Ark and The Dove brought the new settlers to
  the new colony and established it.
• They wanted Catholics but needed the Protestants
  to make the colony fruitful. Therefore, the
  colony had Catholics in the minority. 1649 they
  instilled the Act of Toleration, which guaranteed
  the freedom to express what ever religion they
  wanted.
• Maryland soon became the center of Tobacco
  cultivation and brought money in from that cash
  crop.

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Restoration Colonies

• The English Civil War
• Charles I Dissolved Parliament in 1629. In need
  of money, he brought them back in 1640 to levy
  taxes on the people. He dismissed them twice in
  the next tow years and the members of Parliament
  organized a military force against the King.
• Cavaliers vs. The Roundheads Cavaliers
  (Supporters of the King) and Roundheads (Puritans
  who were against the King from Parliament)
  battled for seven years. 1649the Roundheads
  defeated the King and beheaded him.
• Oliver Cromwell replaced the King and assumed the
  role as protector. Cromwell died in 1658 and two
  years later King Charles II son of the beheaded
  monarch came back to regain the throne in what
  became known as the restoration. Charles II
  rewarded the faithful with lands in the New World
  (Carolina, NY, NJ, and Penn.)

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Restoration Colonies

• The Carolinas
• John Locke Helped draw up the State Constitution
  in 1669 after the people came over to Charlestown
  and Port Royal. The King would eventually make
  them separate colonies.
• North Many people from Virginia came to the
  colony to help establish it. It began to
  distinguish itself from the south. Rice was a
  major export for both colonies. Also, the
  colonies were able to export resources such as
  lumber and indigo to England.

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Restoration Colonies

• Georgia
• The English needed a barrier between the colonies
  and the Spanish. Originally developed to assist
  in this venture, it slowly had a similar society
  to that of South Carolina.
• General James Oglethorpe was the man who led the
  settlers there and began to fortify the colony.
• Oglethorpe made it into a debtors colony -
  helping those who had financial ruin.

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