Teamwork, Collaboration, and Conflict Resolution

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SOC/110 Work Shop 2 Team Building Process
Strategies

• Teamwork, Collaboration, and Conflict Resolution

Joseph Lewis Aguirre
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EXPERT ADVICE
WS2 TEAMBUILDING PROCESSES AND STRATEGIES

• Identify individual strengths and weaknesses as
  they relate to teams and team roles.
• Examine the impact of leadership roles on team
  processes.
• Examine behaviors, including trust building,
  conducive to effective teams.
• Identify relevant team objectives and goals as
  they relate to team productivity.
• Develop effective team agreements.      

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EXPERT ADVICE
Strengths - Weaknesses Orientation

• 1) Task orientation
• a) Focus on work at hand
• b) Focus on who does what
•  
• 2) Relationship orientation
• a) Focus on making sure everyone is comfortable
• b) Focus on mood, meeting processes
• c) Focus on shared concerns
• 3) Information orientation
• a) Focus on knowledge, facts and statistics
• b) Focus on research

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EXPERT ADVICE
Strengths - Weaknesses Orientation

• 4) Implementation orientation
• a) Focus on decision making
• b) Focus on doing the job and having fun
• b. All styles used to an extreme may be a
  strength or a weakness.
• c. Team members need to know their strengths and
  their weaknesses in order to be an asset to a
  team.

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EXPERT ADVICE
Strengths - Weaknesses Leadership Roles and
Processes

• 2. Leadership Roles and Team Processes
• a. Leadership Theories
• 1) Trait
• 2) Contingency
• 3) Behavioral
• b. Leaderless Group

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EXPERT ADVICE
Strengths - Weaknesses Leadership Roles and
Processes

• c. Power
• 1) Positional
• 2) Coercive
• 3) Charismatic
• 4) Passive
• 5) Autocratic
• 6) Reward

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EXPERT ADVICE
Team Building Behavior

• a. Positive Behaviors
• 1) Equality
• a) Participation
• b) Decision making
• c) Team building
• 2) Honesty
• 3) Humility
• 4) Encouraging of others
• 5) Friendliness
• 6) Sense of Humor

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EXPERT ADVICE
Team Building Behavior

• b. Challenges
• 1) Inappropriate Humor
• 2) Hidden Agendas
• 3) Mind Games
• 4) Conflict for the sake of conflict
• 5) Power struggles
• c. Feedback
• 1) Positive behaviors
• a) Focus on behavior instead of individual
• b) Use "I" statements
• c) Open dialogue for questions
• d) Give feedback to the right person

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EXPERT ADVICE
Team Building Behavior

• 2) Negative behaviors
• (1) Use of toxic language
• (2) Name calling
• (3) Labeling
• (4) Over generalizations
• (5) Fallacious language
• 3) Role of Feedback
• a) Reinforce positive behaviors
• b) Catalyze effective change
• c) Promote self-reflection on individual and team
  level
• d) Ensure process goals are met
• e) Maintain focus
•  

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EXPERT ADVICE
Team Objectives and Goals

• a. Guidelines for Goals
• 1) Relate to team productivity
• 2) SMART goals
• b. Guidelines for Objectives
• 1) Provide steps to reach goals
• 2) Hint at plausible strategy for completion
• 3) Built through consensus
• 4) Align with stated purpose
• 5) Provide focus
• 6) Realistic and manageable

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EXPERT ADVICE
Team Agreements

• a. Clear purpose
• b. Promote full and open discussion
• c. Acknowledge diverse perspectives
• d. Meet team needs as well as some individual
  needs
• e. Dynamic and fluid - must contain mechanism to
  accommodate changes

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EXPERT ADVICE
Leadership Quotes

• If it's a good idea, go ahead and do it. It is
  much easier to apologize than it is to get
  permission. - Admiral Grace Hopper
• The most important quality in a leader is that of
  being acknowledged as such. - Andre Maurois
• You gain strength, courage and confidence by
  every experience in which you really stop to look
  fear in the face. You must do the thing you think
  you cannot do. - Eleanor Roosevelt
• Leadership in today's world requires far more
  than a large stock of gunboats and a hard fist at
  the conference table. - Hubert H. Humphrey

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EXPERT ADVICE
Leadership Quotes

• All of the great leaders have had one
  characteristic in common it was the willingness
  to confront unequivocally the major anxiety of
  their people in their time. This, and not much
  else, is the essence of leadership. - John
  Kenneth Galbraith, U.S. economist The Age of
  Uncertainty
• The real leader has no need to lead - he is
  content to point the way. - Henry Miller
• It's amazing how many cares disappear when you
  decide not to be something, but to be someone. -
  Coco Chanel

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EXPERT ADVICE
Leadership Quotes

• Most of the ladies and gentlemen who mourn the
  passing of the nation's leaders wouldn't know a
  leader if they saw one. If they had the bad luck
  to come across a leader, they would find out that
  he might demand something from them, and this
  impertinence would put an abrupt and indignant
  end to their wish for his return. - Lewis H.
  Lapham       

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EXPERT ADVICE
Leadership Quotes

• Leadership consists not in degrees of technique
  but in traits of character it requires moral
  rather than athletic or intellectual effort, and
  it imposes on both leader and follower alike the
  burdens of self-restraint. - Lewis H. Lapham
• I am a leader by default, only because nature
  does not allow a vacuum. - Bishop Desmond Tutu
• If one is lucky, a solitary fantasy can totally
  transform one million realities. - Maya Angelou

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EXPERT ADVICE
Leadership Quotes

• People ask the difference between a leader and a
  boss. . . . The leader works in the open, and the
  boss in covert. The leader leads, and the boss
  drives. - Theodore Roosevelt
• The final test of a leader is that he leaves
  behind him in other men the conviction and the
  will to carry on. . . . The genius of a good
  leader is to leave behind him a situation which
  common sense, without the grace of genius, can
  deal with successfully. - Walter Lippmann

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EXPERT ADVICE
Leadership Quotes

• There is no such thing as a perfect leader either
  in the past or present, in China or elsewhere. If
  there is one, he is only pretending, like a pig
  inserting scallions into its nose in an effort to
  look like an elephant. - Liu Shao-ch'i
• There's no such thing as a race and barely such a
  thing as an ethnic group. If we were dogs, we'd
  be the same breed. . . . Trouble doesn't come
  from Slopes, Kikes, Niggers, Spics or White
  Capitalist Pigs it comes from the heart. - P.
  J. O'Rourke (b. 1947), U.S. journalist. Holidays
  in Hell, Introduction (1988).

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EXPERT ADVICE
Leadership Quotes

• Our flag is red, white and blue, but our nation
  is a rainbow-red, yellow, brown, black and
  white-and we're all precious in God's sight. -
  Jesse Jackson (b. 1941), U.S. clergyman, civil
  rights leader. Speech, 16 July 1984.
• If you obey all the rules, you miss all the fun.
  - Katharine Hepburn
• E pluribus unum. (Out of many, one.) - Motto for
  the Seal of the United States. Adopted 20 June
  1782, recommended by John Adams, Benjamin
  Franklin and Thomas Jefferson, 10 Aug. 1776, and
  proposed by Swiss artist Pierre Eugene du
  Simitière. It had originally appeared on the
  title page of the Gentleman's Journal (Jan.
  1692).

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EXPERT ADVICE
Leadership Quotes

• If we cannot end now our differences, at least we
  can help make the world safe for diversity. -
  John F. Kennedy (1917-63), U.S. Democratic
  politician, president. Speech, 10 June 1963,
  American University, Washington, D.C., on
  Russo-American relations.
• In organizations, real power and energy is
  generated through relationships. The patterns of
  relationships and the capacities to form them are
  more important than tasks, functions, roles, and
  positions. - Margaret Wheatly Leadership and the
  New Science
• Whoever is careless with the truth in small
  matters cannot be trusted with the important
  matters. - Albert Einstein
• Life is change. Growth is optional. Choose
  wisely. - Karen Kaiser Clark

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EXPERT ADVICE
Leadership Quotes

• The quality of leadership, more than any other
  single factor, determines the success or failure
  of an organization.
• - Fred Fiedler Martin Chemers Improving
  Leadership Effectiveness
• Don't be afraid to take a big step when one is
  indicated. You can't cross a chasm in two small
  steps. - David Loyd George
• There is no contest between the company that buys
  the grudging compliance of its work force and the
  company that enjoys the enterprising
  participation of its employees - Ricardo
  Sempler 
• Excellence is not an accomplishment. It is a
  spirit, a never-ending process. - Lawrence M.
  Miller

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EXPERT ADVICE
Leadership Quotes

• You will do foolish things, but do them with
  enthusiasm. - Colette
• The first responsibility of a leader is to define
  reality. The last is to say thank you. - Max
  DePree
• When what you are doing isn't working, you tend
  to do more of the same and with greater
  intensity. - Dr. Bill Maynard Tom Champoux
  Heart, Soul and Spirit
• Every organization must be prepared to abandon
  everything it does to survive in the future. -
  Peter Drucker
• A friend of mine characterizes leaders simply
  like this "Leaders don't inflict pain. They bear
  pain." - Max DePree

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EXPERT ADVICE
Leadership Quotes

• Ah well! I am their leader, I really ought to
  follow them! - Alexandre Auguste Ledru-Rollin
• Dictators ride to and fro upon tigers which they
  dare not dismount. And the tigers are getting
  hungry. - Winston Churchill
• A new leader has to be able to change an
  organization that is dreamless, soulless and
  visionless ... someone's got to make a wake up
  call. - Warren Bennis
• I used to think that running an organization was
  equivalent to conducting a symphony orchestra.
  But I don't think that's quite it it's more like
  jazz. There is more improvisation. - Warren
  Bennis

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Leadership Management
     
Management Authoritative control over the
affairs of others, an act or instance of guiding,
the act, manner, or practice of managing
handling, supervision, or control.   Leadership
The capacity to lead others, an act or instance
of guiding, leadership" can come from an
individual, a collective group of leaders. 
Managers are people who do things right, while
leaders are people who do the right thing. -
Warren Bennis, 1997
 
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Leadership Core Competencies
U.S. Army 23 Traits of Character 
1. Creativity
2. Confidence, Bearing, Confidence, Courage,
Integrity, Decisiveness, Justice, Endurance,
Tact, Initiative, Coolness, Maturity, Will,
Assertiveness, Candor, Sense of
humor,Commitment, , Self-discipline, Humility,
Competence
3. Improvement, Flexibility.
5. Empathy/Compassion.
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Six Spokes of Trust
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Decision Making Framework
Information Characteristics
Decision Structure
Pre specified Scheduled Detailed Frequent
Historical Internal Narrow Focus
Business Professionals
Operational Management Efficient, do thing
right
Structured
Tactical Management Business Unit Managers
-Effective, right thing
Ad Hoc Unscheduled Summarized Infrequent Forward
looking External Wide Scope
Semi Structured
Strategic Management Executives, Directors
-Transformation
Un Structured
RELATIVE TIME SPAN
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Problem Solving
Intelligence
Problem Space
Problem Space
Design
Choice
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Decision Making Process
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Problem Identification

• Clearly defined
• Ill Defined
• Problems Vs Opportunities
• Group Vs Individual

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EXPERT ADVICE
Decision Making - Experts

• "There is no need for any individual to have a
  computer in their home" - Ken Olson, president of
  Digital Equipment Corp., 1977.
• "640k ought to be enough for anybody" - Microsoft
  founder Bill Gates, 1981

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Organizational Effectiveness
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE
Marketplace
Other Teams
Enthusiasm
STRUCTURE
Competition
Accountability
Reward System
GOALS
Reporting Relationships
Values
Clarity
Commitment
Collaboration
Mission Philosophy
Stress
Feedback System
Decision Making
Behavior Norm
Flexibility
Trust
Competition
Culture
Involvement
Pressures
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Different Perspectives

• Conventional view
• Violence is a result of environment
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• Neuroscience report
• Violence is a function of abnormal brain activity
  caused by brain damage.
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• Christian view
• Violence is a result of (original) sin in people.
  

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Forces of Influence

• Broad
• Physiology, psychology, sociology
• Narrow
• Gender, age, birth, order, culture, education,
  economic status, religion, etc.

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Forces of Influence

• We distort the way we perceive the world
• We differ in our views of reality
• We can make hurdles instead of walls

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Problem Solving
Making the decision 4.Identify causes
5.Alternatives 6.Impact of alternatives
7. Make decision
Evaluation 8. Measure impact 9.
Implementation
Framing the Problem 1.Identify the problem
2.Define criteria, goals 3.Evaluate effect of
the problem
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Cost Factors
1 Wasted time 2 Opportunity cost of wasted
time 3 Lowered job motivation and
productivity 4 Lost performance due to
conflict-related absenteeism 5 Loss of
investment in skilled employees 6
Conflict-incited theft, sabotage, vandalism, and
damage 7 Restructuring around the problem 8
Health costs 9 Degraded decision quality
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Window Into Conflict Resolution
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Window on World of DP
Intent Need Category Get it done
right Control Ruler Get it done
right Accuracy Analyzer Get Along Approval Relat
er Get Appreciated Attention Entertainer
Task Oriented
Analyzer
Ruler
Entertainer
Relater
People Oriented
Passive
Aggressive
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Window Into Conflict Resolution
Non-adversarial attitude toward
other Adversarial attitude toward other
A number value for your organization
A number value for your organization
Detachment
Collaboration
Coercion
Evasion
Engagement with other
Disengagement from other
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Conflict Resolution Strategy
Step 1 SWOT Step 2 Train - Establish the
core competencies Step 3 Coach Support the
learning Step 4 Enable - Remove the obstacles
culture driven Step 5 Institutionalize Train
in-house experts Establish a panel of skilled
mediators to resolve disputes that are not
successfully resolved by the core competencies
gained by Training (Step 2) and supported by
Coaching (Step 3). Step 6 Feedback - Compare to
benchmarks