Objective 3.01

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Objective 3.01

• Trace the economic, social, and political events
  from the Mexican War to the outbreak of the Civil
  War.

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The Debate on the Expansion of Slavery

• Anti-slavery movement F. Douglass, W.L.
  Garrison, S. Truth, lots of women, many
  Northerners, the devoutly religious, and any
  other abolitionists.
• Slave codes threatened masters w/ fines for not
  disciplining slaves and required legislative
  approval for freeing a slave.
• Underground Railroad system of routes along
  which runaway slaves were helped to escape to
  Canada or to safe areas in the free states.
• Harriet Tubman born into slavery in 1820. Most
  famous conductor of the Underground Railroad.

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Debate on Expansion of Slavery

• Popular Sovereignty citizens voted whether or
  not they wanted slavery.
• Fugitive Slave Act slaves were denied trial by
  jury, forbidden to testify at their own trial,
  returned to slavery on testimony of a single
  claimant, and claimant received 10 if ruling
  favored owner (5 if favored slave).
• Missouri Compromise Maine-free state,
  Missouri-slave state, and 36-30 line.

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Weak Presidential Leadership

• Lincoln-Douglas Debates Douglas believed in
  popular sovereignty, whereas Lincoln saw slavery
  as immoral and wanted emancipation.
• Freeport Doctrine From the 2nd Lincoln-Douglas
  debate. Slavery could be prevented from any
  territory by refusal of people living in that
  territory to pass laws favorable to slavery. If
  the people of the territory supported slavery,
  legislation would provide for its continued
  existence.

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Growing Sectionalism

• Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed Missouri Compromise
  and divided the prairies into Kansas and
  Nebraska.
• Bleeding Kansas Kansas territory was a
  battleground between proslavery and anti-slavery
  forces.
• John Brown and Harpers Ferry abolitionist who
  led attack on Harpers Ferry (fed. arsenal), Va.
  Later captured by Robert E. Lee.
• Dred Scott vs. Sanford (1857) decided by the
  U.S. Supreme Court in 1857. Ruled that people of
  African descent, whether or not they were slaves,
  could never be citizens of the U.S., and Congress
  had no authority to prohibit slavery in federal
  territories.

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Kansas-Nebraska Act
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Growing Sectionalism

• Sumner-Brooks Incident insulted Butler (Brooks
  uncle) by accusing him of taking the mistress of
  slavery and ridiculed him for a speech defect
  caused by his heart condition (rumor).
  Sumner-abolitionist, Brooks-proslavery. Brooks
  beat Sumner w/ cane all the way under the desk in
  the Senate chamber. Kept beating him until his
  cane broke. Sumner was never the same.

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Rise of the Republican Party

• Free Soil Party political party formed in 1848
  to oppose the extension of slavery. A breakaway
  faction of the Democratic Party and largely
  absorbed by Republican Party in 1854.
• Compromise of 1850 Calif.-free, Texas/N.M.
  boundary settled, sale of slaves banned in D.C.,
  and all U.S. citizens had to report runaway
  slaves (regardless of the state).
• Republican Party modern political party formed
  in 1854 by opponents of slavery in the
  territories. Abraham Lincoln was the 1st
  Republican President.

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• Who is putting the slave in the Freesoilers
  mouth and why?
• What party did the Freesoiler become a member of
  in 1854?
• Politically, how was slavery forced down the
  Freesoilers throat.

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• Who do you think is the bearded man in the
  depiction?
• Why did you pick him?
• What seems to be going on?

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• What do the elephant and donkey represent?
• What is happening in the cartoon?