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The Han Dynasty of China

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Title: The Han Dynasty of China


1
The Han Dynasty of China
  • September 24, 2013

2
Review
  • What was the impact of iron on the area we now
    call China?
  • What is the basic difference between Confucianism
    and Daoist philosophy?
  • Why do we say Qin Shihuang created China?

3
The Xiongnu
  • A non-Chinese barbarian people on Chinas
    northern borders
  • Won some battles with the Qin and the Han, and
    lost some. (Ebrey, 41-42)
  • Seen as barbarian because their customs were not
    the same as the people of the central plains
    (China) (Sen, 84-86)
  • Through the Xiongnu and people like them, people
    living in China learned how to ride horses, and
    fight from horseback. (Sen, p. 30)

4
The Birth of the Han
  • Why did the Qin fall so quickly? (Ebrey, 42)
  • Who was Wudi? (Ebrey, 43)
  • Who was Wang Mang? (Ebrey, p. 44)
  • What sort of government did the Han have? It
    moved from feudalism toward a centralized
    bureaucracy (though aristocrats still dominated).
    Confucianism wasused to justify centralized rule.
  • Three powerful groups the imperial family, the
    bureaucracy, and the aristocrats. The civil
    service exam was not yet important in selecting
    government officials.

5
Han and its neighbours
  • The birth of the tribute system (vassal rulers
    present tribute)
  • Han and the Yue (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, and
    northern Vietnam were formally absorbed into the
    Han empire but not Sinified yet) (Ebrey, 54)
  • Korea -Han military commandaries
  • The Xiongnu--powerful opponents of the Han for a
    couple of centuries.
  • The Silk Road linking China and the Kushan
    empire. Brought Buddhism to China. (There was
    also a sea route.)

6
Map of the Han
  • See Ebrey, p. 37.

7
Chinese-style government
  • legalistic Confucianism proclaim rule by virtue
    and ritual, but keep force available for use when
    needed.
  • The mandate of Heaven goes to a royal family-even
    women in such a royal family sometimes ruled as
    empress dowagers.
  • Bureaucracy instead of feudalism (Ebrey, 43)
  • Supported by gentry in the countryside.
  • Scholars, peasants, artisans, and merchants, in
    that order (where are the soldiers?)

8
Ideological Legitimization
  • The pattern perspective/ correlative cosmology
    everything is related to everything else in
    dynamic interactions (Ebrey, 45-47)
  • The Five phases/agents earth, metal, water,
    wood, fire.
  • cycle of production wood? fire? earth? metal?
    water?
  • ? ?
  • cycle of overcoming fire ?water ?earth ? wood
    ?metal ?
  • ? ?
  • The magic square 4 9 2
  • 3 5 7
  • 8
    1 6

9
Han technology
  • paper
  • the compass
  • the wheelbarrow
  • the seismograph
  • stern-post rudder
  • shoulder-harness for horses
  • ridge-furrow farming
  • decimal system (with counting rods)

10
The Han legacy
  • Centralized government, legitimized with
    Confucian rhetoric
  • civilian rather than military rule
  • Writing history as a state responsibility.
  • The important of educated landlords as local
    leaders, and the official denigration of
    merchants.
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