Physical Property

1
Physical Property

• Any characteristic of a material that can be
  observed or measured without changing the
  composition of the substances in the material.
• THINK/PAIR/SHARE What are some words that you
  would use to describe the physical properties of
  matter?
• Investigation
• Hold a sheet of newspaper horizontally. Now tear
  it in to strips.
• Repeat, but this time hold the newspaper
  vertically.
• Is there a difference in your ability to tear the
  newspaper?
• Why? The molecules are chained together in a
  line. It is easier to separate the chains
  lengthwise than break the chains in half.

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Example Physical Properties
Property Definition
Color the wavelengths of light matter reflects
Conductivity the ability to allow heat and electricity flow
Density how tightly packed matter is in a certain amount of space
Durability matters resistance to breakage
Hardness the ability of materials to scratch one another
Luster the ability of a metal to reflect light
Malleability the ability of a solid to be hammered without breaking
Mass the amount of matter an object contains
Odor the way matter smells
Solubility the ability to dissolve in water
Temperature Changes (BP/MP) as the temperature increases so does the speed of the particles. Particle speed determines if matter is a solid, liquid, or a gas.
Texture the way matter feels
Transparency the property that enables light to be transmitted through matter
Viscosity a liquids resistance to flowing (usually decreases when temperature is increased)
Volume the amount of space occupied by an object
3
Chemical Property

• Any ability a material has to produce change in
  the composition of matter.
• THINK/PAIR/SHARE What are some words that you
  would use to describe the chemical properties of
  matter?
• Demonstrations

Property Definition Example
Flammability the ability to burn in the presence of oxygen Oxygen Gas
Reactivity the way one type of matter behaves when in comes in contact with another type of matter   how readily a substance combines with other substances Potassium Iodide Lead Nitrate
Light Production the ability to create light Magnesium
Gas Production the ability to create a gas Baking Soda Vinegar
Color Change the ability to cause a change in color Bloody Awesome Demo
4
Explaining Matters Properties

• THINK/PAIR/SHARE Why is matter so different?
  Why are there so many different kinds of matter?
• The properties of matter are determined partially
  by how its particles are arranged. For example,
  the graphite in your pencil is made up of the
  same particles as a diamond, they are just
  arranged differently.
• THINK/PAIR/SHARE Can you use the properties of
  a known substance to help you identify an unknown
  substance? If so, then how would you do it?
• Yes, of course you can use the properties of a
  known substance to identify and unknown
  substance!
• The first step is to decide which properties to
  test. Then, carry out the tests on a sample of
  the unknown. Finally, compare the results with
  the data reported for known materials.

5
Explaining Matters Properties

• Physical and chemical properties are used to
• identify a material
• EXAMPLE Water boils at 100oC at sea level
• choose a material for a specific purpose
• EXAMPLE Copper is an excellent conductor of
  electricity and thats why we use it for wiring.
• to separate the substances in a mixture
• EXAMPLE You can pick all the Crunch Berries out
  of a cereal bowl because you like them the best!
• Filtration is a process that separates materials
  based on the size of their particles.
• EXAMPLE Coffee or tea, Using a strainer
• Distillation is a process that separates the
  substances in a solution based on their boiling
  points.
• EXAMPLE Converting saltwater to freshwater

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Lets Practice

• Tools of the Physical Scientist The Bunsen
  Burner Lab