Citations

1
Citations

• Legal Research Writing I
• PAR 111
• Mike Brigner, J.D.

2
Today 4 Things

• Why do we need a Citation Manual?
• Intro to the Ohio Manual of Citations
• An introduction to the most frequent citation
  forms
• In-Class Activity

3
Why a Citation Manual?

• Purpose is to guide legal writers in proper
  formatting and style in
• Court documents main text
• Court documents footnotes/endnotes
• Legal memoranda
• Law review articles
• Etc.

4
How Would We Cite?

• Joe case?
• Joe versus Abe?
• Plaintiff Joe against Defendant Abe?
• 1995 Joe v. Abe, Vol. 16, Page 44?
• West Pub. Joe vs. Abe, 16/44?
• Ohio Cases Joe v. Abe, 1995-16-44?
• Civil/States/Ohio 16 Joe vs. Abe 44?
• 16 Ohio State Supreme Court 44?

5
Why a Citation Manual?

• Within your doc point reader to

Source Document
Your Document
In the proper format to correctly identify the
Source Document
6
What Is Covered?

• CITATIONS Citation manuals explain how to write
  citations (in your legal memorandum, for example)
  in a uniform manner for other sources you are
  citing to
• Cases
• Statutes, Constitutions
• Rules, Newspapers, Books
• Law Review Articles, Regulations

7
What Is Covered?

• STYLE Citation manuals also explain legal
  writing style rules for such items as
• Abbreviations
• Capitalization
• Symbols
• Latin words
• Quotations

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Introduction to

• The Ohio Citation Manual
• This is the Citation Bible for this Quarter

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This Quarter We Use The Ohio Citation Manual

• NOT
• The Bluebook

• NOT
• The ALWD Manual

Almost identical to ALWD, but hard to read
We will learn in PAR 112
10
Before Next You Sleep

• Read
• 1992 Ohio Citation Manual
• Pages 3-26 (.PDF pages 5-27)
• 2002 Revisions to Ohio Manual
• Pages 1-9
• Both are available at External Links
  (My.Sinclair) or Ohio Supreme Court
  (http//www.sconet.state.oh.us/ROD/ )
• Read all of Quick Reference to Ohio Manual
• http//people.sinclair.edu/mikebrigner/

11
Next, Third Thing

• An introduction to the most frequent citation
  forms. This will take a while.

12
Citing Case Law

• Italicize (or underscore) names of cases in text
  of documents
• Case citations must include
• Name of Case
• Year Case Decided
• Where to Find Case
• Court that Decided Case

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Citing Case Law

• How to organize a citation
• See Ohio Manual, top of p. 3
• Memorize the punctuation, order, spacing for
  each type of citation
• Joe v. Abe (1995), 16 Ohio St.2d 44, 23 N.E.2d
  345
• Other case reporters (OBR, O.Ops., etc.), go just
  before N.E.

14
Citing Case Law

• For all Ohio cases after May 1, 2002, add Ohios
  WebCite.
• Format Year dash Ohio dash case number
• Jill v. Deb, 106 Ohio St.3d 88, 2002-Ohio-2118,
  213 N.E.2d 456

15
Citing Case Law

• Unpublished (aka unreported) Opinions
• All cases decided before May 1, 2002
• State v. Jones (Jan. 1, 2002), Franklin App. No.
  99APE01-1234, unreported
• All cases decided after May 1, 2002
• Brown v. McClain, 3d Dist. No. 16-01-19,
  2002-Ohio-2834

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Citing Case Law

• Pinpoint citations
• Joe v. Abe (1995), 16 Ohio St.2d 44, 47, 23
  N.E.2d 345
• Ohio cases published after May 1, 2002
• Jill v. Deb, 106 Ohio St.3d 88, 2002-Ohio-2118,
  213 N.E.2d 456, at 30-31
• Brown v. McClain, 3d Dist. No. 16-01-19,
  2002-Ohio-2834, at 61

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Citing a State Statute

• Statutory citations
• See Ohio Manual, top of p. 22
• Memorize the punctuation, order, spacing for
  each type of citation
• R.C. Title 29
• R.C. Chapter 2947
• R.C. 2947.33
• R.C. 2947.33(B)

18
Citing Atty Gen Opinions

• Ohio Attorney General Opinions format
• See Ohio Manual, at 18-19
• Ohio Manual uses this format
• 1971 Ohio Atty.Gen.Ops. No. 71-079
• 1971 Ohio Atty.Gen.Ops. No. 71-079, at 47
• Ohio Attorney Generals office uses
• 1981 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 81-039

19
Citing Administrative Rules

• Ohio Administrative Rules
• See Ohio Manual at 19
• Memorize Ohio Manual format
• Ohio Adm.Code 5324-2-5(B)
• Ohio Adm.Code 1094-3-09
• Ohio Adm.Code 1041-7-04 et seq.

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Citing Legal Encyclopedias

• Ohio Jurisprudence
• See Ohio Manual at 17
• Memorize Ohio Manual format
• 39 Ohio Jurisprudence 2d (1989) 343, Juries,
  Section 27
• 19 Ohio Jurisprudence 3d (1988, Supp.1999),
  Criminal Law, Sections 1202-1214

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Citing Court Rules

• Ohio Court Rules
• See Ohio Manual at 20-21
• Memorize Ohio Manual format
• App.R. 9
• Civ.R. 60(B)
• Crim.R. 44
• Evid.R. 601

22
Citing Lexis Westlaw Cases

• Lexis and Westlaw cites are NOT part of official
  citation format
• When case is published only on Lexis or Westlaw,
  follow this format
• White v. C.J. Coakley Co., 1999 Va. App. LEXIS
  261 (May 4, 1999)
• Young v. Apfel, 1999 WL 325026 (N.D. Ind. May 19,
  1999)

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4th Thing In Class Activity
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Citations

• Concluded Thank You
• Mike Brigner, J.D.