Citations

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Citations
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Why do we cite?

• To give credit for others ideas
• So that other people can find our sources
• So they can check the accuracy of facts
• So they can use our sources in their own research
• Just because somebody put their research/writing
  on the internet doesnt mean that its right for
  you to copy it.

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When do we cite?

• When using a direct quote
• When paraphrasing another authors work
• When referencing someone elses opinion
• When using a fact that is not common knowledge

The only time you should not be citing a source
is when discussing something that is common
knowledge or your own opinion.
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In Text Citations

• The citation or the sentence should always
  include the author or title of the source, the
  year of publication, and a page number
• At the end of a sentence where youve used a
  source, insert a citation before the period
• According to the article, a potential cause of
  depression in teens is academic pressure to
  perform well in high school and to be admitted to
  college (Bloom, 2001, 21).
• Author is the default, title should only be used
  if there is no author
• If the source has no year, use n.d. (Bloom, n.d.)
• If there are no page numbers, skip the page
  number completely (Bloom, 2001)
• The author or title should correspond to the
  entry in your Works Cited page so readers can
  find it easily

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Making a References Page

• Each entry is single spaced, but double space
  between entries
• Organize the entries alphabetically
• The word References should always appear,
  centered, at the top of the page

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Citing Books

• Author, A. (Date of Publication). Title of book.
  Place of Publication Publisher.
• Salinger, J.D.. (1951). The Catcher in the rye.
  New York Little Brown and Company.
• Clark, J. (2006). Eyewitness history The
  gilded age. New York Facts on File.

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Citing an Article in a Reference Book

• Author, A.(Year of publication). Title of
  article. In A. Editor, Title of book (pages of
  chapter). Location Publisher.
• Williams, W. (2009). Psychology. In Smith, J,
  Encyclopedia Brittanica (673-677). New York
  Oxford University Press.
• (2002). Psychology. In History of Modern
  Science and Mathematics. New York Charles
  Scribners Sons.

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Citing Academic Journal Articles

• Author, A. (Date of publication). Title of
  article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue
  number), page range.
• Burgess, A. (1967). Politics in the novels of
  Graham Greene. Literature and Society, 2(2),
  93-99.
• Williams, T. (2011). Evolutionary psychology.
  Scientific American, 34(5), 65-66.

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Citing an Article from a Database

• Lucky for you, APA doesnt have a special
  citation for online sources from databases. Just
  cite them as though they were in print!

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Citing Websites

• Author, A. (Date of publication including day
  and month if available). Title of document.
  Retrieved from http//www.webaddress.com
• How to make vegetarian chili. (n.d.). Retrieved
  from http//www.ehow.com/recipes/vegetarianchili.
  ht ml/
• Angeli, E., Wagner, J. (2010, May 5). General
  format.
• Retrieved from http//owl.english.purdue.edu/ow
  l/resource/560 /01/

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Where to Go for Reminders

• The OWL
• http//owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
  
• Cornell U. Library
• http//www.library.cornell.edu/resrch/citmanage/ap
  a
• Noodle Tools Express Citation Generator
• http//www.noodletools.com/
• Or you can look in a book! We have plenty of APA
  handbooks just waiting to be taken out!

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Questions?