(Calculation of Boiler Efficiency)

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???????????????????????????? (Calculation of
Boiler Efficiency)
??? ?????????????????????????? ???????????????????
?????????????????????
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Steam
Make-Up
Water
Flash Steam
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Heat Input Heat Output

• ????????????? Feed Water
• ?????????????????????? ???????
• ????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????

• ??????????? Steam ??????????
• ?????????????? Blow Down ???????????
• ??????????? Waste Gas ?????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????

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Steam t2
(G)
Feed Water (FW) t1
1000 x lit
Blow Down (B/D) t3
(L)
x lit
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??????????? ??????? t2
Steam (Gas) ?? Enthalpy x kcal/kg B/D (Liquid)
?? Enthalpy y kcal/kg
?????????????? x y ?????? Latent Heat
?????????????????????????? t2
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????????? 3 ??? 4

• ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
• ??? ?, ?, ?, ? ?????? ????????????????????
  (?????? ?)
• ?????????????
• ? ? - ? ?

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?????????????
?????? ?????? (Burner) ?????????? (Nozzle) ?????
Eff. ??? 80 (??????????? 83) ?????? ??????
(Burner) ???? Atomizer Cap (Rotary) ????? Eff.
??? 85 (??????????? 88 ??????????? ?????
93)
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????????? 3
??? Variable Factor 1. ??????????? FW 2. Steam
Pressure ? Steam Temp., B/D temp. 3. Cycle of
Concentration (N) ? ?????????Boiler ??? FW 4.
Specific. Heat ????????????? 5. Data Correction
?????? FW, ????????????????, Boiler Stop 6.
Boiler Eff.
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???????????????????

• ?????? FW ? ???????? Flow Meter m3/D, m3/h
• ?????? B/D ? ????????????

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• ?????????????? B/D, FW ? ?????? EC, TDS, Cl-,
  M-Alk
• FW temp. ? ????? Thermometer
• Steam temp. ? ???????????????????? Pressure
  Gauge ??????????? Steam Table
  ????????????????? OC
• B/D temp. Steam temp.
• ??? Enthalpy ??? FW, B/D, Steam ? ???????? Steam
  Table

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• Burner Type ? Nozzle, Atomizer Cap (Rotary)
• Efficiency ? ????? Bench Mark ???
• 80 ???????????? Nozzle
• 85 ???????????? Rotary
• Specific Heat ????????????

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Fuel Oil Fuel Oil Fuel Oil Fuel Oil Fuel Oil Remark
No.1 No.2 No.3 No.4 No.5 Remark
Specific gravity at 15.6/15.6 OC 0.985 0.990 0.995 0.995 0.996 Not more than
Gross Heat of Combustion kcal/kg 10,000 9,900 9,900 9,900 9,900 Not less than
Gross Heat of Combustion kcal/l 9,850 9,801 9,850 9,850 9,860 Not less than
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????????
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Boiler 16 ???/??. ????????? nozzle ???????????? C
?????????????? Feed temp. 60 OC Operate ??? 5
kg/cm2 ???? Steam Table Absolute pressure 6
kg/cm2 ,???????? 158.08 OC ?????? 25 ?.?. 46
FW 137 m3 ??? EC 2,150 µS/cm Fuel
9,390 lit B/D ?????? EC 11,860 µS/cm
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C.O.C (N) 11,860 5.5 2,150 ??? B/D
FW / N ??? B/D 100 / 5.5 18.13 ?B/D
181.3 lit/m3 of FW ? Steam 1,000 181.3
818.7 lit/m3of FW
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?????????? Steam Table ?????

• Enthalpy of 6 kg/cm2 Saturated water HBW
  159.25 kcal/kg
• Enthalpy of 6 kg/cm2 Saturated steam HS 658.1
  kcal/kg
• Enthalpy of 60 OC Feed water... Hf 59.94
  kcal/kg
• Gross heat of combustion of fuel oil.. Ff
  9,850 kcal/lit
• ?Total heat (658.1 x 818.7) (159.25 x 181.3)
  (59.94 x 1,000)
• 507,718.5 kcal/ton of FW .theoretical

???????? - Operate 5 kg/cm2 - Absolute
pressure 6 kg/cm2
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????? Boiler ??????????? Boiler ?????????????
80
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???????????????????????? 25 ?.?. 2546
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???????????????? Bench Mark ??? 80 ??? Boiler
????????
??? FW 1 ton 68.54 64.48 ?
?????????????????????? 4.06 lit 1 ??? FW
137 m3/D ? ??????????????????????????? Standard
1 ??? 556 lit ???????????????????? 8
??? ????????????????? 4,448 ??? 1 ?? (300
???) 1,334,400 ???
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• ??????????????????????????? Boiler ?????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  Boiler
• ????????? FW ?????????????? ??????????? Boiler
  Standard ????????????????? B/D ???????
• ??? Boiler Standard ???????? EC 5,000 µS/cm

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?Total heat (658.1 x 570) (159.25 x 430)
(59.94 x 1,000) 383,654.5 kcal/ton of FW
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????? Boiler Eff. 80
?????????? Steam ???????? 112.16 ton ?????????
9,580 lit ? ?????????????????? 9,580 9,290
190 lit/D
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??? Boiler Eff. ???????? 75.2 (??????????
Boiler)
?????????? Steam ???????? 112.16 ton ?????????
10,192 lit ? ?????????????????? 802 lit/D
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??????????????????????????????? FW ??? EC
??????????? 291 µS/cm
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?Total heat (658.1 x 941.8) (159.25 x 58.2)
(59.94 x 1,000) 569,127 kcal/ton of FW
??? Boiler Eff. ???????? 75.2 (??????????
Boiler)
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??????? Boiler ?????????????????? Boiler
Standard ??? Boiler Eff 80 ? Total heat
require 711,409 kcal ? Fuel rate 72.2
lit/ton of FW 72.2 76.69 lit/ton of
steam 1 - 0.0582 Steam 112.16 ?????????
8,601 lit ? ???????????????? 789 lit/D
?????????????????????????? ????????????????
1,536,600 ???/??
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????????????????????????????????????
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• ???????????????????? Boiler ???????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????

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????????
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• ????????????????? Boiler ??????????????????????
  ?????????????????? Standard
  ??????????????? ???????????????????
  ???????

• ??? Boiler Quality
• ??? Excess Air
• Cleaning Fire Side
• Cleaning Water Side

• Return Condensate
• ??? Condensate ??????????????? FW
• ???????

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• ???????????????????? ????????????????????????????
  ??? ?????????? Fuel Consumption
  ?????????????????????
• ??????? Boiler ? ?????????????

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??????????? Excess Air Cleaning Fire Side
(???????) ?????????????????????? Fire Side ?
?????????????
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??????????????????

1. ??????????????????? Boiler ??????????????????????
   ???????????? Steam ??????????? ????????? Steam 1
   ??????????????????????
2. ??????????????? Standard ???????????????
3. ?????????????????????????, ?????? ???????????
   Evaluate ??????

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???????????
?????????? Eff. ????????????? Bench Mark
(Standard) ??????????
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• ?? Stack Temperature ?????????????
• - ??????????????????????????????????????? Probe
  ???????????????????????????
• - ???????????????? Probe ????????????????????????
  
• - Stack Temperature ????????????????????? Steam
  ???? 20 40 oC ????????????????????????????
  (fire Side, Water Side)

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• ?? Combustion Eff. ??????? ??? O2 Excess
  (Excess Air), CO2, C CO (??????????????????????
  ) ??????????????????? ???????????????????? High
  Speed ??? Low Speed
• ?? Scale
• - ???? Fire Side ????????????????? Tube
  ??????????????????????????
• ?????? Tube ??????????????????????
• - ???? Water Side ???????????????? ???????????
  ??????? Boiler

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• ?????????????????????? Boiler
• ?? Operating Condition ???? Boiler 7 ton/h ???
  Operate ??? 1 3 ton/h

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??? Plot Curve ???????????????? ?????? Eff.
???? ???? Fuel Consumption ???? ?????
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Evaluate ??? Data ???????? ?????????????????