Syed Naveed Hussain Shah

1
Information Technology

• Syed Naveed Hussain Shah
• Sowmya Bandaru
• Joseph Sluder

2
Computers and Quality Functions
3
The Quality Functions needs served by the
computer are

• Data Collection
• Data Analysis and Reporting
• Statistical Analysis
• Process Control
• Test and Inspection
• System Design

4
Data Collection

• IT systems best accomplish the collection,
  utilization, and dissemination of quality control
  information.
• Computers are best possible solution to collect
  data, since they provide
• Faster data Transmission
• Fewer Errors
• Lower Collection Cost

5
Cont.

• Data transmission to computers is performed by
• Paper or magnetic tape, Optical character
  Recognition (OCR), Wireless Transmission,
  Keyboard, Voice, Facial, Direct interface with a
  process.
• Since Computers have limited storage so Quality
  control data are periodically analyzed to
  determine the data to retain, or send to another
  method, or destroyed.

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Data Analysis, Reduction and Reporting

• Information is Analyzed, reduced to a meaningful
  amount, and disseminated in the form of a report.
• Reports generated by the computers help in
  controlling the quality of the systems e.g. Fraud
  Management System (FMS). Such analyzed and
  refined data in the form of reports can
  continuously improve processes.

7
Cont.

• Business Intelligence (BI) works on the principle
  data analysis and reporting.
• These systems help organizations in future
  decision making and quality control process.
• Data analysis and reporting from MS Excel to
  large data ware houses improves the quality of
  processes.

8
Statistical Analysis

• Most of the statistical techniques can be easily
  programmed providing error free calculations and
  saving considerable calculation time.
• MS Excel uses very sophisticated statistical
  analysis technique ANOVA.
• Software packages encapsulate the statistical
  methods thus improving the quality of data
  analysis.

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Cont.

• Advantages of Programmed statistical software
  packages are
• Saving time spent on manual calculations.
• Accurate analysis can be performed to maintain
  process control
• People with limited knowledge of Advanced
  statistics can perform their own statistical
  analysis.

10
Process Control

• Digital Computers can perform automated process
  control by operating through interfaces with
  other machines. Robots are designed and
  programmed to achieve such goals.
• The benefits obtained from automatic process
  control are
• Constant Product Quality, increased productivity,
  safe process execution.

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Test and Inspection

• It is similar to process control.
• It offers improved test quality, lower operating
  cost, better report preparation, improved
  accuracy, malfunctioning diagnostics.
• Automated test systems can be programmed to
  perform a complete quality audit of a product

12
System Design

• The software packages are providing integrated,
  sophisticated, and user friendly interfaces for
  the quality functions.
• Some of the softwares that provide integrated
  quality functions are
• MIS (Management Information Systems)
• ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)
• HRIS (Human Resource Information Systems)

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Internet and Electronic Communication
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Internet and other Electronic Communication

• Intranet
• Instant Messaging
• Video Conferencing
• Virtual Teaming
• E-Learning
• Business-to-Business
• Business-to-Customer

15
Internet

• Internet is a worldwide network of computer
  network which began in 1969.
• In 1994, the first commercial web browser
  Netscape Navigator was released.
• No single group is in charge of the internet.
• Internet contains incredible amount of
  information and knowledge.

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Intranet

• It is a private computer network that uses
  Internet protocol and network connectivity.
• It uses the same concepts and technologies used
  for the internet.
• Information is shared with in the organization
  using LAN.

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Instant Messaging

• Instant Messaging(IM) is a form of real-time
  communication between two or more people based
  upon the typed text.
• The text is conveyed via computers connected over
  a network such as internet.

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Video Conferencing

• It is a technique where people at remote
  locations participate in a conference via two way
  audio and video transmissions simultaneously.
• Besides the audio and visual transmission of
  meeting activities, videoconferencing can be used
  to share documents, computer-displayed
  information, and whiteboards.
• The standard video conferencing setting consists
  of a dedicated room equipped with desks, chair,
  two large screen monitors, and camera and network
  connection.

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Virtual Teaming

• Virtual teaming involves group of individuals
  largely dependent on electronic techniques to
  jointly complete a project, regardless of
  differences in members geographic location, time
  zone or organizational border.
• Virtual team uses a combination of internet,
  email instant messaging pc to pc connections,
  shared computer screens, and linked databases.

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Characteristics of Virtual Team

• Virtual teams get the job done.
• People can be trusted.
• Few virtual teams are 100 percent virtual
• Virtual teams take on the same basic structure as
  real teams.

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E-Learning

• E-learning is a type of education where the
  medium of instruction is computer technology.
• It is offered in a variety of formats such as
  CD-ROM-based, LAN-based, Web-based.

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Why E-Learning is a powerful tool in an
organization?
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• Eliminate wasted time and money.
• Condense training.
• Make new hires productive.
• Keep employees productive.
• Pick up the pace.
• Improve Consistency Effectiveness.
• Train everyone.
• Evaluate learning retention.
• Provide risk-free simulations

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Business-to-Business

• B2B applications were proprietary systems using
  private networks, but they were not economically
  feasible for small businesses.
• B2B via internet is expected to grow rapidly
  because of
• Low cost entry and operational costs.
• Global reach with its large number of trading
  partners.
• The benefits of reduced cycle time, product cost
  savings and improved B2B coordination.

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Business-to-Customer

• It is an electronic transmission of buyer seller
  transactions and related information between
  individual end and customers and one or more
  businesses.
• Both buyers and sellers mutually get benefited.

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Information Quality Issues
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Information Quality Issues

• Sufficiency
• Accuracy
• Timeliness
• Security
• Cybercrime

• Privacy
• Pollution
• Creativity
• Control Prevention

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Sufficiency

• Data Information is easy to obtain, but there
  is a fine line between too much and too little
  information.
• Finding the appropriate information is important.
  
• Is there enough information to arrive at a
  conclusion?

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Accuracy

• Information must be accurate, otherwise its
  efficiency does not matter.
• If poor quality data is put in, then one can only
  expect poor results.
• The need for accuracy in information technology
  is very high.

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Timeliness

• It is important that information is received in a
  timely manner. This is critical to product and
  service design time.
• Timeliness is essential to business in order to
  compete in the global market.
• Instant messaging, video conferencing

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Security

• Two major issues
• Access security- the control of access to a
  computer that is physically connected to the
  Internet
• Firewalls, Anti-viruses
• Transaction security- the control of a given
  communication such as a business transaction to
  ensure that it is not violated.
• Biometrics

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Cybercrime

• Auction fraud, Credit card fraud, Identity
  theft
• Law enforcement lacks cybercrime training and has
  jurisdictional problems when parties are in
  different towns, states, or countries and there
  arent enough personnel.

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Privacy

• Major concern for protecting consumers personnel
  information such as SSN, bank account numbers,
  creditors, investments, mortgages, and credit
  card numbers.
• Plans to protect our privacy are being started by
  the Federal Trade Commission and businesses like
  AOL, Microsoft, and IBM. The plans are going to
  help regulate the sharing of personal information
  and to control many of the privacy abuses.

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Pollution

• There is too much outdated information on the
  Internet. Two million web pages are added per
  day.
• Annual paper consumption between 1990 and 1998
  increased from 87 million tons to 99 million
  tons.
• The paperless society?

35
Creativity

• Take old information and draw insights and
  conclusions to invent, innovate, or conceptualize
  new systems, products, or services.
• New knowledge, which is the highest form of
  information technology.

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Control and Prevention

• The control and prevention of quality problems
  associated with information technology will be
  similar to any product or service.
• You can implement principles from TQM, ISO 9000,
  and FMEA to help control and prevent quality
  problems with information technology.

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Technologies of the Future

• The wireless revolution keeps improving.
• High-speed Internet cellphone
• Internet laptop wireless card
• The power of artificial intelligence
• Using a computer software, recreate the portion
  of the human brain that makes decisions
• Enhance customer experience with virtual
  e-commerce.
• Let customers experience a product before its
  purchased
• Carry the wallet PC in your pocket
• Wallet sized computer with all the high tech
  features such as GPS, biometric security system,
  and keyless access to facilities and vehicles.

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Conclusion

• Information/Communication technology has played
  an immensely powerful role in todays
  communicating world. It has evolved
  communication among organizations and has
  improved the overall Quality of products and
  services.

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References

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vfxkCO6jMmAc
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vuf6EGvl7nJo
• Besterfield, D., H., Michna, C., B., Besterfield,
  D., H., Sacre, M., B. (2003). Total
  Quality Management Information Technology.
• New Jersey Prentice Hall