??????????????????????????????????

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?????????????????????
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??????????
???????????? ????????????????????????????????????
????
? ?????????????(???? ????????105???)???????????
???????
? ????(gt p107?)???????? ?????????????????
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3
???????? ?????
??? ??
??? Vp, Vs (VSH, VSV) ????
0.110 sec
1?
10? 100? ??? ?? 1?
10500 sec
??? ????????? ???? ?? ????(Earth Tide)
12h25min, 23h56min ????(Ocean Tide)
???? ??? ??????????
????????????(???????) ???????????????
1005000 sec
???????
???
???????????? ????????????
?????? 10 cm/year
2x1011 sec
???? ??
5x1011 sec
4
?????
- ?????? - ?????? - ??????
?? (elasticity) ?? (plasticity) ??
(brittleness)
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5
????
??????????????????????????????????
????????
?????????????????????????? ????????????????????
????????
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6
?????
(Deformation of Rocks)
? ?????
??????????
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????????
?? ?? ??? ?????
de/dt
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????????????
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????(??)
?????????????????????
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(No Transcript)
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Ductile-Brittle transition in the Crust
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???? Diffusion creep ?????? ????? Power law
creep ???????
????????(Flow law)
???????? Diffusion Creep
?????? ???????????
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Dislocation Creep
n3, disloction creep ??????
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?????
?34
?????(Deformation mechanism map)
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?34
de/dt sn
n3
??????????
de/dt s
????? (Deformation mechanism map)
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?34bc
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??????????
Mosaic of Earths Plates
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Peter W. Sloss, NOAA-NESDIS-NGDC
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???????????(???????)
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?????????
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23
???????
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?????
1915? ??????????????????????? Alfred Wegener
???????????????
1929? Arthur Holms ?????????????????????
??????????????
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????????(1946-50)

• ????????????????????????????

? ??????????????????????km????????????40km????????
?????????????
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???????? (???????????????)

• ????????????????????????

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0 140
240 Million years
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?????????????(2D)
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?????????????(3D)
? ??????
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Plate Tectonics in the early Mars
Connerney et al. (2005) Proc. Natl.Acad.Sci. USA,
102, No.42, 14970-14975
Connerney, co-investigator for the Mars Global
Surveyor magnetic filed investigation at NASAs
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md
http//www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/
2005/mgs_plates.html
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The Supercontinent of Pangaea (???????)(200
million years ago,2???)
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??????????
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?????????????????
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34
?????????? - ???????????????????
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(No Transcript)