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Current Status and Prospects of Road
Traffic Safety Strategies in Chinese
Taipei Ms Y. J. Grace Liu Chinese Taipei
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• Road Traffic and Accidents Variances
• Fatal Accidents Comparison among major Economies
  
• Landmarks of Road Traffic Safety Performance
  from 1991 to 2006
• 20052006 Fatal Accidents Analysis
• Strategies to Enhance Motorcycle Safety
• Prospects of Road Traffic Safety Strategies
• Conclusions

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1.Road Traffic and Accidents Variances

• Length of roads was 28,472 km in 1991 , compared
  with 39,286 km in 2006 , it shows 10,814 km
  (37.98) growth .
• There were 10,611,037 registered motor vehicles
  in 1991, compared with 20,307,197 in 2006 , it
  shows 9,696,160 (91.38) growth .
• There were 3,201,862 cars in 1991, compared with
  6,750,169 in 2006 , it shows 3,548,307 (110.82)
  growth .
• There were 7,409,175 motorcycles in 1991,
  compared with 13,557,028 in 2006 , it shows
  6,147,853 (82.98) growth .

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• There were 20,605,831 population in 1991,
  compared with 22,876,527 in 2006 , it shows
  2,270,696 (11.02) growth .
• Although road length, motor vehicles and
  population grow 38, 90 and 11 separately,
  there were 7,322 fatality in 1991 compared with
  4,637 in 2006, it shows 2,685 (36.67) decrease
• as Fig. 1.

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2.Fatal Accidents Comparison among major
Economies

• Based on recent World Road Statistics of
  International Road Federation (IRF), accident
  rate per 10,000 vehicles comparison among 8 major
  economies shows that
• Hong Kong was 265.71 in 2004 and 255.5 in 2003
  earned the highest rank.
• Korea was 136.03 in 2004 and 150.99 in 2003
  earned the second rank.
• Japan was the third rank 108.27 in 2003.
• Chinese Taipei was79.81 in 2005, while 72.83 in
  2004 and 66.04 in 2003 as Table 2.

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Table 1. Motor vehicles comparison among major
economies
unit per 1,000 vehicles

• Source International Road Federation (IRF),
• World Road Statistics, 19952006
  version.

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Table 2. Road Traffic Accidents comparison among
major economies
Accident Fatalities Injuries Accident Rate (per
Events 10,000 vehicles)
Chinese Taipei (2005) 155,814 2,894 203,087 79.81
U.S.A.(2004) 1,900,000 42,636 2,788,000 79.20
Japan (2003) 947,993 7,702 1,181,431 108.27
Canada (2005) 151,321 2,730 221,158 79.90
Korea (2004) 220,755 6,563 346,987 136.03
Singapore (2005) 6,845 194 8,439 97.86
Hong Kong, China (2005) 15,062 151 19,069 265.71
PRC (2003) 667,753 104,372 451,810 91.11

• Source International Road Federation (IRF),
• World Road Statistics, 19952006
  version.

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Table 3. Goals to reduce accidents among major
economies.
Initial yr. Target yr. Goal
EU 2,000 2010 -50
Denmark 1,998 2012 -70
Finland 2,000 2,010 -37
Holland 1,998 2,010 -30
New Zealand 1,999 2,010 -42
Saudi Arabia 2,000 2,015 -30
Sweden 1,996 2,007 -50
U.S.A. 1,996 2,008 -20
Chinese Taipei 2,002 2,007 -30

• Source WHO

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3. Landmarks of Road Traffic Safety
Performance from 1991 to 2006

• Since June 1997, the motorcyclist and passenger
  are forced to wear the helmet.
• The dead and injured of motorcycle accidents were
  1,318 and 1,039 separately in 1996,
• while those were 1,214 and 932 in 1997,
• It showed 104 and 197 reduction in casualties.
• The dead and injured without helmet were 1,198
  and 940 separately in 1996,
• while the dead and injured without helmet were
  775 and 630 separately in 1997,
• it showed 423 and 310 reduction in casualties.
• It was estimated that the health insurance
  economized approximately NT4 billion (around
  US130 million) in 1997.

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Landmarks (cont.)

• Anti-intoxicated driving strategies
• It implemented new fines NT6,00012,000
  (instead NT2,7005,400), confiscated driver
  license for 6 months in March 1997 .
• It implemented new Criminal Law no. 185 code 3
  to add 2 years fixed-term imprisonment or
  NT30,000 fines in April 1999 .
• It raised new fines NT15,000 60,000 (instead
  NT6,00012,000), to confiscated driver license
  for one year in June 2001.
• In addition it confiscated auto in Sept. 2002.

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Landmarks (cont.)

• Mandatory Applying Seat-Belt for Driver front
  seat passenger in Sept. 2001.
• Regulated using mobile-phone while driving in
  Sept. 2001.
• Mandatory Using Safe-chair for child under 4
  years old and under 18 pounds in June 2004.

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4.20052006 Fatal Accidents Analysis

• Categories of Road Traffic Accidents
• A1 Category Accidents Cause Factor Analysis
• Accidents Analysis by Modes
• Accidents Analysis by Time
• Current Motor Vehicle Used in 2006
• Comparison between 2005 and 2006
• Structure of Accident Victims Age Compared
  with Major Countries

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4.1 Categories of Road Traffic Accidents

• Categories based on National Police Agency
• The figures of road traffic accidents only
  include the accidents with fatality or injured
  caused by motor vehicles which running on roads.
• A1 Category (Fatality Traffic Accidents) only
  include the accidents that victims dead
  immediately or within 24 hours.
• A2 Category (Injured Traffic Accidents) only
  include the accidents with injuries.
• A3 Category (vehicle Damage Accidents) only
  include the vehicle loss

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4.2 A1 Category Accidents Cause Factor Analysis

• Intoxicated driving caused the highest 705
  events and 727 death in 2006.
• Fail to yield caused 273 events and 278 death
  earned the second rank.
• Violating signals signs caused 261 events and
  268 death was the third rank.
• Fail to keep proper distance or separation
  caused 153 events and 155 death.
• Speeding caused 133 events and 155 death.
• Improper turns caused 105 events 109 death.

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Table 4. A1 Category Accidents Caused Factor
Analysis in 2006.
Source National Police Agency
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Table 5. A1 Category Accidents Analysis by Modes
in 2006

• Source National Police Agency

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Table 6. A1 Category Accidents Analysis by Time
Period in 2006
Source National Police Agency
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4.3 Current Motor Vehicle Used in 2006

• The number of registered motorcycle is 13,557,028
  in 2006 (i.e. 1.69 person own 1 motorcycle).
• As for the total motor vehicle 20,307,197
  motorcycle owns 66.8.
• Compared with motorcycle 9,283,914 in 1996 , it
  raised 4,273,114 among 10 years, and the annual
  growth rate is 4.6.

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• Motor vehicle was 20,307,197 in 2006, compared
  with 19,862,807 in 2005,
• it showed total 444,390 increase (2.24) in
  motor vehicle.
• Cars were 6,750,169 with average 295.07 per 1,000
  population (i.e. 3.39 person owns 1 car).
• motorcycles were 13,557,028 with average 592.62
  per 1,000 population (i.e. 1.69 person owns 1
  motorcycle).

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4.4 Comparison between 2005 and 2006

• A1 category accidents were 2,999 events caused
  3,140 death and 1,301 injuries in 2006.
• Compared with 2,767 events caused 2,894 death and
  1,383 injuries in 2005 ,
• it showed 232 events increase (8.38), 246
  death increase (8.5), 82 injuries decrease
  (-5.93) respectively .

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• A2 category accidents were 155,583 events caused
  205,080 death injuries in 2006.
• Compared with 153,047 events caused 201,704
  injuries in 2005 , it showed 2,536 events
  increase (1.66), 3,376 injuries increase
  (1.67).
• A3 category accidents were 163,998 events caused
  vehicle damage in 2006.
• Compared with 166,089 events in 2005 , it
  showed 2,091 events decrease (-1.26).

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4.5 Structure of Accident Victims Age
Compared with Major Countries

• Based on the International Road Traffic and
  Accident Database (OECD)
• Compared the death per 100,000 population of
  Accident Victims Age
• It showed over 65 years old group of Asia
  countries earned the most fatality
• While in Europe U.S.A. it showed 15-24 years
  old group earned the most fatality

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Table7. Accident Victims Age Compared with major
Economies.
unit death per 100,000 population
\Items Chinese Taipei 2005 U.S.A 2003 Japan 2003 U.K. 2003 Germany 2003 Korea 2003
0-14 2.5 3.5 1.3 1.3 1.7 4.1
15-24 26.4 26.2 8.2 12.8 18.0 11.1
25-64 19.9 15.0 5.3 5.9 7.3 15.8
65 53.7 18.5 15.0 6.9 9.2 43
Source 1. International Road Traffic And
Accident Database (OECD- IRTAD)
2. National Police Agency, Chinese Taipei.
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A1 Category Accidents Victims Age Analysis in
2005 in Chinese Taipei

• Victims age status analysis based on A1
  category accidents 2,894 death in 2005.
• 0-14 years old group was 69 death (2.38)
• 15-24 years old group was 574 death (19.83)
• 25-64 years old group was 1,594 death (55.08)
• Over 65 years old group was 624 death (21.56)

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Victims Age per 100,000 Population Fatal Rate
Analysis in Chinese Taipei

• Over 65 years old group caused 25.58 death was
  the first rank.
• 15-24 years old group caused 16.46 death was the
  second rank.
• 25-64 years old group caused 12.52 death was the
  third rank.
• 0-14 years old group caused 1.6 death was the
  fourth rank.

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Victims Age and Status per 100,000 Population
Fatal Rate Analysis

• Based on A1 category accidents, cross analysis
  between age and status factors
• The below three groups were the highly potential
  danger people (as Table 8.)
• Over 65 years old group motorcyclist caused 11.91
  death per 100,000 population fatal rate
• Over 65 years old group pedestrian caused 9.89
  death per 100,000 population fatal rate
• 15-24 years old group motorcyclist caused 9.78
  death per 100,000 population fatal rate

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Table 8 Analysis of Accident Victims Age and
Status of Fatal Rate in 2005
unit death per 100,000
population
Status Age total 0-14 15-24 25-64 65
Total 12.73 1.60 16.46 12.52 28.58
Total Driver 9.19 0.39 12.44 9.93 16.17
Passenger 1.48 0.88 3.50 1.09 1.60
Others 2.06 0.32 0.52 1.49 10.81
On Driver 2.23 0.00 2.52 3.12 0.82
Autos Passenger 0.93 0.42 1.98 0.82 0.87
Motor- Driver 6.34 0.14 9.78 6.47 11.91
cycle Passenger 0.55 0.44 1.52 0.27 0.73
On Driver 0.62 0.25 0.14 0.35 3.43
Bike Passenger 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00
Pedestrian 1.76 0.28 0.34 1.17 9.89
Others 0.30 0.05 0.17 0.32 0.92
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Victims Day and Night Status Analysis

• Accidents Occurred Time Analysis based on A1
  category 2,894 accidents in 2005.
• Day time from 600 a.m. to 600 p.m. occurred
  1,376 accidents (47.55).
• While night time from 600 p.m. to 600 a.m.
  occurred 1,518 accidents (52.45).
• Accidents occurred during night time was 1.1
  times as that of day time.
• With two-hour period base, it showed 18-20 was
  the highest death (348).
• 10-12 periods (168 death) and 2-4 periods (185
  death) were the lowest ones.

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Table 9. Analysis of Time Mode during past
years
Item Year 2002 2003 2004 2005
Day Total 1,382 1,230 1,289 1, 376
Time On Autos 236 232 256 268
(600 On Motorcycle 863 712 770 862
On Bike 85 85 82 54
1800) Pedestrian 171 159 150 158
Others 27 42 31 34
Night Total 1,479 1,488 1,345 1,518
Time On Autos 407 374 346 449
(1800 On Motorcycle 700 726 630 704
On Bike 85 80 91 89
600) Pedestrian 272 266 259 241
Others 15 42 19 35
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5. Strategies to Enhance Motorcycle Safety

• Related Issues on Motorcycle Safety
• Rules and Regulations Amendment
• Apply 3 E strategies to promote motorcycle safety

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5.1 Related Issues on Motorcycle Safety

• With/without helmet vs. fatality / injury
• No Licensing for Teens
• Motorcycle Parking Space
• Motorcycle Driving Space

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With/without helmet vs. fatality / injury

• Based on the accident database, the head attack
  is the primary factor to cause the motorcyclist
  and passenger fatality and serious injury .
• Because the comfort and cool demand of user,
  helmet has limited function against crush.
• According to Japanese experiments , helmet can
  protect the head of motorcyclist and passenger
  only in the condition of speed under 30 km/hr.
• Therefore speeding or lacking of brake will cause
  motorcyclist and passenger fatality even with
  helmet .

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No Licensing for Teens

• Our regulation is permitted teens over 18 years
  old to get a motorcycle license.
• Most of teens under 18 years old favor to drive
  motorcycle for fun and curiosity.
• Most of teens are easy to get or borrow a
  motorcycle from parents.
• Motorcycle is easy to drive and no need of
  skills.
• Some areas which are lacking of public transport,
  students often drive motorcycle to school.

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Motorcycle Parking Space

• Current rules or regulations of architecture plan
  the building underground parking space primary
  for autos while ignoring the demand of
  motorcycle.
• Roadside parking lots planning devotes to autos
  parking as well, motorcycle parking system does
  not establish yet.
• Current County or City governments provide the
  sidewalks or arcades for motorcycle parking
  instead of roadside spaces.

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5.2 Rules and Regulations Amendment

• In 1996 December, the Legislative Yuan amended
  the rule and regulation to mandate the
  motorcyclist and passenger to wear helmet.
• In 1997 June we implemented new rule and
  regulation.
• Before 1997, annual motorcycle accidents caused
  around 1,000 death.
• Motorcycle accidents was 1,214 death in 1997 and
  1,042 death in 1998, compared to 1,318 death in
  1996, it showed significant effects on accident
  fatality protection.

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5.2 Rules and Regulations Amendment (cont.)

• In 2000 December, the Legislative Yuan amended
  the rule and regulation to increase the fines and
  confiscated drivers license for those
  dangerous driving behaviors such as S-shape
  driving, over two cars or motorcycles playing
  speed competition .
• The fine was from NT30,000 to 90,000 (i.e.
  US1,0003,000)
• For teens under 18 years old, the parents will
  accompany teens to attend courses.
• In 2001 June, we implemented the new policy.

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5.3 Apply 3 E strategies to promote road traffic
safety

• Strategies for motorcycle safe movement
• To promote the demonstrative projects of
  motorcycle exclusive lane for the right of
  way.
• To promote motorcycle two-stage left turn
• To research the feasibility of motorcycle parking
  spaces and signals

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Apply 3 E strategies to promote road traffic
safety (cont.)

• Strategies for motorcycle safe parking
• To examine sidewalks, arcades and roadside
  spaces for motorcycle parking.
• To establish motorcycle parking system to reflect
  the reasonable parking costs.
• To increase roadside motorcycle parking spaces.
• To enhance motorcycle violating enforcement and
  tow away.

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Apply 3 E strategies to promote road traffic
safety (cont.)

• Strategies for motorcycle safety improvements.
• To promote continuously wearing helmet.
• To implement violating enforcement.
• To promote motorcycle insurance policy which was
  held by Ministry of Finance.
• To promote safe concepts for people driving or
  riding motorcycle.

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Apply 3 E strategies to promote road traffic
safety (cont.)

• Anti-intoxicated driving strategies
• To promote taking taxi instead driving home
  campaign to negotiate with restaurants and night
  clubs by contract with good taxi companies to
  offer service.
• To promote BOB campaign to appoint one of
  colleagues who drinks beverage and drives the
  others home.

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Apply 3 E strategies to promote road traffic
safety (cont.)

• To protect pedestrians safety
• Auto drivers and motorcyclists must yield the
  right of way to pedestrian in the crossroads.
• To promote using skywalk or underground passage
  in the busy traffic road.
• Pedestrian should wear bright color clothes or
  reflective materials to be seen by the vehicle
  drivers.

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Apply 3 E strategies to promote road traffic
safety (cont.)

• Strategies for motor vehicle drivers surveillance
• To enhance motorcycle safety education training
  for teens.
• To propaganda the defensive-driving training
  programs and licensing amendment.

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6.Prospects of Road Traffic Safety Strategies

• Taipei City Government has planned to provide
  much more motorcycle parking bay and exclusive
  lanes.
• In order to reflect the parking costs, Taipei
  City Government also plans to charge the parking
  fee for motorcyclist.
• For over 150 c.c. motorcycles, we have initiated
  a six-month program to allow them drive in
  expressway no. 68 and 72.

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Prospects of Road Safety Strategies (Cont.)

• Based on the accident database during the past 10
  years, motorcycle fatality with helmet maintained
  stable growth, we should devote efforts to
  education and propagation the safety concepts to
  motorcyclist especially teens.
• To promote all the passengers in car or bus to
  have seat-belt to protect them.

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Prospects of Road Safety Strategies (cont.)

• To lower the penalty standard form 0.25mg/l
  breath to 0.15mg/l to prevent intoxicated
  driving.
• To encourage to extend the accident data
  collection from 1 day to 30 days.
• To establish a new rule and regulation named
  Road Traffic Safety Law to replace current
  Road Traffic Management Penalty Regulation.
• Enforcement is our last protection, we should ask
  police agency fight against the violations.

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Conclusions

• Two-third of Chinese Taipei area is covered by
  mountains.
• Limited road length growth.
• High and stable growth in motor vehicles,
  especially for motorcycle.
• Traffic jams in main roads and freeway during
  rush hours is normal situation.
• Although Zero Accident is our goal, motor
  vehicle accidents are inevitable !
• 2007 goal is 10 decrease of fatal accident.