Special Relationships

1
Special Relationships

• Unit 1 Animal Geography

2
Habitat vs- Niche

• Habitat
• The location in which the organism lives
  (grasslands, freshwater, tree tops, inside a
  host, etc.)

• Niche
• The lifestyle of the organism within the habitat
  (predator, nocturnal, parasite, scavenger, etc.).

3
Competition occurs naturally between living
organisms which coexist in the same environment.
For example, animals compete over water supplies,
food, and mates. In addition, humans compete for
attention, wealth, prestige, and fame. Example
black tipped reef sharks feeding
4
In ecology, predation describes a biological
interaction where a predator organism feeds on
another living organism or organisms known as
prey. Example lizardfish feeding on shrimp
gobies
5
The term symbiosis commonly describes close and
often long-term interactions between different
biological species. -mutualism -commensalism -
parasitism
6
The term Mutualism describes any relationship
between individuals of different species where
both individuals derive a fitness benefit.
Example The ants eat the plant while the
pollen is transferred to another plant on the
ants back.
7
Commensalism describes a relationship between two
living organisms where one benefits and the other
is not significantly harmed or helped. Example
A frog using a lily pad to sit on and wait for
prey does not harm the plant.
8
A parasitic relationship is one in which one
member of the association benefits while the
other is harmed. Parasitic symbioses take many
forms, from endoparasites that live within the
host's body, to ectoparasites that live on its
surface. In addition, parasites may be
necrotrophic, which is to say they kill their
host, or biotrophic, meaning they rely on their
host surviving. Example leech is a parasite
(ectoparasite)