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Title: UN Special Agencies


1
Irfan Arshad Sargodha University Pakistan
2
SPECIALISED AGENCIES OF UNITED NATION
3
INTRODUCTION
4
AIM
TO FAMILIARIZE YOU WITH THE SPECIAL AGENCIES OF
UN
5
International Labour Organization (I.L.O)
  • General
  • Established in 1919 as an autonomous partner of
    the League of Nation
  • Head Office in Geneva
  • Brought into relationship with UN in 1946 vide
    special agreement approved by General Assembly on
    14th Dec 1946

6
International Labour Organization (I.L.O)
  • Main Tasks
  • Rise the standards of the workers
  • Prevent unemployment
  • Provide social security
  • Improve working conditions
  • Economics aid to employees and employers
  • Inspections to protect industrial and field
    workers
  • Special attention to problem of women and
    children
  • Technical assistance to member states
  • Fabrication of labour laws and regulations

7
International Labour Organization (I.L.O)
  • Composition - General Conference
  • Each member State gets representation
  • Each member State has 4xrepresentatives
  • Provide social security
  • Each representative has 1 x vote
  • Decision are in the form of conventions and
    recommendations
  • Approval needs 2/3 majority
  • Special attention to problem of women and
    children
  • Approves the annual budget
  • Fabrication of labour laws and regulations

8
International Labour Organization (I.L.O)
  • Composition - Governing Body
  • Comprise of 56 members
  • 28 are representatives of State Governments
  • 14 each are representatives of employees and
    workers
  • The terms of office are 3 years
  • Elects a Chairman and a Vice-Chairman for 1 year
  • Appoints the Director-General and supervises the
    functions

9
International Labour Organization (I.L.O)
  • Composition - International Labour Office
  • Headed by Director-General
  • Head Office in Geneva
  • 14 each are representatives of employees and
    workers
  • Act as information centre
  • Research, study and publishing

10
World Health Organization (WHO)
  • General
  • For its establishment economic and social
    council called an International Health Conference
    in New York in July 1946
  • 46 states Representations attended
  • 26 UN members ratified its constitution on 7
    April 1948
  • Adopted the constitution 22nd July 1948
  • Brought into relationship with the UN on July
    1948
  • Membership opens to all status even territories /
    entities as are not states

11
World Health Organization (WHO)
  • Main Objective
  • Education concerning prevailing health problem
    proper food supply and nutrition
  • Safe water and sanitation, maternal and child
    health including family planning
  • Immunization against major infection diseases
  • Prevention and control of local diseases
  • Appropriate treatment of common diseases and
    injuries
  • Provision of essential drugs

12
World Health Organization (WHO)
  • Composition - Assembly
  • Comprises all members
  • Yearly Session
  • Each member has one vote
  • Each state entitles to have 3 x representatives
  • Lay down the general policy and passes the budget
  • Appoints director General for Secretariat
  • Elects executive board

13
World Health Organization (WHO)
  • Composition - Executive Board
  • Technical and non political organ
  • 24 x Members with high technical education in
    health field
  • Each member has one vote
  • Elected by assembly for 3 x years
  • Hold session twice a year
  • Implements assembly decision

14
World Health Organization (WHO)
  • Composition - Secretariat
  • Chief is Director General Elected by Assembly

15
World Health Organization (WHO)
  • Functions
  • Prevent spread of diseases
  • Tries to cure the disease once it has spread
  • Provide training to personal
  • Imparting necessary education

16
United Nations Educational, Scientific Cultural
Organization (UNESCO)
  • General
  • Conference for its establishment held at London
    in November 1945
  • Established on 14 November 1646
  • Brought into relationship with UN on 14th
    December 1946
  • Membership open to all UN members
  • Other countries can also because members of
    UNESCO with 2-3rd majority of General Conference

17
United Nations Educational, Scientific Cultural
Organization (UNESCO)
  • Objective
  • The rule of law
  • Human rights
  • Fundament freedoms through education, science and
    culture

18
United Nations Educational, Scientific Cultural
Organization (UNESCO)
  • Composition - General Conference
  • All members get representation
  • Each member can send 5 x delegates but possess
    only 1 x vote
  • Session held twice a year
  • Policy making organ
  • Adopting a convention need 2-3rd majority
  • Simple majority for adopting recommendations
  • Elects the members of Executive Board
  • Appoints Director General for Secretariat

19
United Nations Educational, Scientific Cultural
Organization (UNESCO)
  • Composition - Executive Board
  • 51 members
  • Elected for 3 x years
  • Board meets at least twice a year
  • Implements the decision of General Conference

20
United Nations Educational, Scientific Cultural
Organization (UNESCO)
  • Composition - Secretariat
  • Director General is the Chief
  • Elected by General Conference on the nomination
    of the Executive Board
  • Perform duties for 6 x years

21
United Nations Educational, Scientific Cultural
Organization (UNESCO)
  • Function
  • Promote education among children as well as
    adults
  • Provide advice and expert assistance on education
    and cultural issues
  • Brining about improvement in the teaching of
    basic science at various level
  • Help members in the presentation and protection
    of their culture

22
United Nations Educational, Scientific Cultural
Organization (UNESCO)
  • Function
  • Promote education among children as well as
    adults
  • Provide advice and expert assistance on education
    and cultural issues
  • Brining about improvement in the teaching of
    basic science at various level
  • Help members in the presentation and protection
    of their culture

23
Food Agricultural Organization (FAO)
  • General
  • Established on 16 October 1945
  • Brought into relationship with UN in December
    1946

24
Food Agricultural Organization (FAO)
  • Objective. To find out means for developing
    and maintaining an adequate food supply by
    encouraging use of modern tools and method,
    conserving existing food supplies, searching new
    sources

25
Food Agricultural Organization (FAO)
  • Composition - Conference
  • Representative body
  • Lay down general policy
  • Elect Director General

26
Food Agricultural Organization (FAO)
  • Composition - Council
  • 27 Member Elected by conference
  • Elects its president

27
Food Agricultural Organization (FAO)
  • Functions
  • Collect, analyses, interprets and disseminates
    information relating to nutrition, food and
    agriculture
  • To supply food staff in cane of food shortage
    under international emergency food council
  • Provide technical assistance to improve food
    quality
  • Help controlling various animal and plant
    diseases
  • Help countries in increasing food production
  • Seek to check diseases among children resulting
    from malnutrition

28
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
  • General
  • 1st November to 7 December 1944 and international
    Civil Aviation conference held in Chicago
  • Decision taken to established the Agency
  • Established on 4th April 1947

29
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
  • Objectives
  • Ensure the safe and orderly growth of
    international Civil Aviation
  • Encourage the Design and Operations of aircrafts
    for peaceful purpose
  • Support development of airway, airport and
    navigation facilities
  • Meet the need of safe, regular, efficient and
    economical air transport

30
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
  • Composition - Assembly
  • Representation body for all members
  • Each member has 1 x vote
  • Meets, once in 3 Years
  • Decides the policy of Agency
  • Approves the budget
  • Elects Council

31
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
  • Composition - Council
  • 33 x Members
  • Elect its president and appoint the secretary
    General
  • Administers the finance of Agency
  • Tasks
  • Creates standards for international air
    navigation and safety
  • Collect, examine and published information on air
    navigation-on
  • Conduct investigation and act as tribunal for the
    settlement of disputes

32
International Bank for Reconstruction Development
(IBRD)
  • General
  • Established on 27 Dec 1946
  • Brought into relationship with UN on 15 Nov 1947
  • Membership open to all who were members of IMF
    before 31st Dec 1945

33
International Bank for Reconstruction Development
(IBRD)
  • Objective
  • Assist the members in construction and
    development by investing capital
  • Encourage the balance development of
    international trade
  • Raise the level of productivity

34
International Bank for Reconstruction Development
(IBRD)
  • Composition - Board of Governors
  • A Governor and an alternate member from all
    members state
  • 5 x Years term
  • Session once in a Year
  • Board delegates its power to Executive Directors

35
International Bank for Reconstruction Development
(IBRD)
  • Composition - Executive Direction
  • 22 x in members
  • Elected by Board of Governors
  • Elect Chairman every Year

36
International Bank for Reconstruction Development
(IBRD)
  • Composition - President
  • Chief Executive
  • Elected by Board of Governors

37
International Monitory Fund (IBRD)
  • General
  • Decision to establish taken in Brittan Woods
    Conference - July 1944
  • Setup in Dec 1948

38
International Monitory Fund (IBRD)
  • Aims
  • Promoting internal monitory cooperation through
    permanent institution which provides the
    machinery for consultation and collaboration on
    international monitory problems
  • Facilitate the expansion and balance growth of
    international trade and to promote high levels of
    employment and real income
  • Promote exchange stability and maintain orderly
    exchange arrangement among members

39
International Monitory Fund (IBRD)
  • Aims
  • Assist in establishment of multilateral system of
    payment in respect of current transaction between
    members and eliminate the foreign exchange
    restriction which hampers the growth of world
    trade
  • To provide funds to members with a view to
    correct maladjustment in the balance of payments
    without resorting to destructive measures to
    national or international system

40
International Monitory Fund (IBRD)
  • Composition - Board of Governors
  • Highest Authority
  • Representation of all members
  • Meets once in a year

41
International Monitory Fund (IBRD)
  • Composition - Executive Director
  • 22 x Executive Directors
  • Responsible for general functioning

42
International Monitory Fund (IBRD)
  • Composition - Managing Director
  • Elected by Executive Directors

43
International Monitory Fund (IBRD)
  • Function
  • Harmonization of the national economic interests
    of members
  • Provision of financial assistance
  • Promotion of economic growth
  • High employment

44
International Development Association (IDA)
  • General
  • An affiliate of IBRD
  • Provision of financial assistance
  • Established on 24 September 1960
  • Membership opens to all members of IBRD
  • IBRD is responsible for the administration
  • Provide loans to poor countries
  • Loans are interest free only 3 is charge as
    services charges
  • Loans get mature after 50 years and yet there is
    grace period of 10 years

45
International Development Association (IDA)
  • Objective
  • To promote economic development, increase
    productivity those raise the living standards of
    people of less developed countries

46
International Finance Corporation (ICF)
  • General
  • An affiliate of World Bank
  • Established in July 1956
  • Brought into relation with UN on 20 February 1957
  • Associated with World Bank but a separate legal
    entity

47
International Finance Corporation (ICF)
  • Objective
  • Assist in financing private enterprise
  • Bring together investment opportunities, domestic
    and foreign capital and experienced management
  • Stimulate the flow of capital

48
International Finance Corporation (ICF)
  • Composition
  • Board of Governors
  • Board of Directors
  • Chairman

49
Universal Postal Union
  • General
  • Establishment in 1875
  • Brought into relationship with UN 1947
  • Membership open to all - require 2-3rd majority

50
Universal Postal Union
  • Objective. To encourage international cooperation
    among the different postal services and to ensure
    regular postal services in the world

51
Universal Postal Union
  • Composition - Congress
  • General body - meet once in 5 years
  • All members enjoy single vote
  • Elects Executive council of 40 x members

52
Universal Postal Union
  • Composition - Executive Council/Committee
  • Run the affairs of organization
  • Office situated in Berue

53
International Tele-Communication Union (ITU)
  • General
  • International Telegraph Union was made in 1865
  • Established through a convention held in 1947
  • Stated functioning 1st January 1949

54
International Tele-Communication Union (ITU)
  • Aims
  • Achieve cooperation for development and proper
    use of all type of international
    telecommunication
  • Ensure technical facility to enhance efficiency
    and utility
  • Harmonise activities of members

55
International Tele-Communication Union (ITU)
  • Composition - The Plenipotentiary Conference
  • Supreme organ
  • Meet offer 5 Years
  • Lay down basic policy
  • Convenes administrative conference to consider
    specific telecommunication matter both at world
    and regional level
  • Elects administrative council of 43 members

56
International Tele-Communication Union (ITU)
  • Administrative Conference
  • Administrative Council
  • Secretarial

57
World Meteorological Organization
  • General
  • International meteorological organization (IMO)
    started operating in 1951
  • WMO is successor of IMO

58
World Meteorological Organization
  • Objectives
  • Establishment of network of stations and centres
    to provide meteorological, hydrological
    observation and services
  • Establishment and maintenance of system for the
    rapid exchange of meteorological information
  • Standardization of meteorological and related
    observation and their uniform publication
  • Application of meteorology to aviation, shipping,
    water problems, agriculture and other activities
  • Encourage research and training in meteorology
    and coordination

59
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
  • General
  • General Assembly of UN passed a resolution to
    call a conference on peaceful use of Atomic
    Energy in Dec 1954
  • Conference was held in Geneva in Aug 1955
  • 81 states representatives considered the draft of
    the Agency on 20 Sep 1956
  • Unanimously adopted for the Agency on 23 Oct 1956
  • Came into force 29 Jul 1957

60
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
  • Aims
  • Seek to accelerate and enlarge the contribution
    of Atomic Energy to health and prosperity through
    out the world
  • Assistance to control use of its military purpose

61
Inter Governmental Maritime Consultative
Organization (IMCO)
  • Came into being on March 1958

62
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
  • Functions
  • Provide machinery for cooperation among
    regulation and practice concerning safety at sea
  • Removal of discrimination and unnecessary
    restriction by Governments
  • Consider matters concerning shipping that might
    be referred to it
  • Exchange of information among Governments

63
CONCLUSION
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