Text book resources

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Text book resources

• http//edugen.wiley.com/edugen/class/cls112693

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What is Chemistry ?

• Study the
• Characteristics,
• Composition, and
• Transformation
• of MATTER
• What is MATTER?
• has MASS and VOLUME

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Properties of MATTER ?

• Physical Properties
• Color, mass, volume, hardness, Physical
  States of Water (S, L, G), bp, mp
• Chemical Properties reactivity, thermal
  stability
• Intensive vs. extensive properties relation with
  sample size

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Which one of the following is an extensive
property of matter?

• 1) density
• 2) specific gravity
• 3)electrical conductivity
• 4) refractive index
• 5) mass

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MATTER Transformation

• Physical Change
• Change of physical states Solid to
  liquid
• Chemical Change
• Change of composition or (identity)
  Decomposition, reaction with other compounds

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Which one of the following is a chemical change?

• 1) when a blood stain is washed with 3 hydrogen
  peroxide solution, it changes color
• 2) when a solid stick of butter is heated, it
  becomes a liquid
• 3) when blue paint is mixed with yellow paint, a
  green color is obtained
• 4) when a bar of gold metal is pounded with a
  hammer, it flattens out

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MATTER Classification

• Pure substance, has only one chemical identity
  
• Mixtures many Pure substances mixed. Can be
  separated into Pure substance by physical
  change
• --Heterogeneous mixtures, two or more phases
  solids/liquids mixtures,
• --Homogeneous mixtures, -one phase solutions,
  gases mixtures
• Matter relations

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Pure Substances

• Elements one kind particle, unbreakable
  through chemical change 117 elements found
  iron, cupper, gold
• Compounds two or more different kinds of
  particles can be broken into elements through
  chemical change sodium chloride

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Chemical Symbols

• Each element has a symbol for its atom
• H-Hydrogen
• Na-Sodium
• N-Nitrogen
• Ca-Calcium
• O-Oxygen
• Cl-Chlorine

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Laws of Chemical Changes

• Conservation of MASS
• 2A 2B 2AB
• Mass before Mass after
• (reactants) (products)
• Definite Proportion in compound AB,
• Mass of A
• Mass of B

Constant
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What is MATTER Made of ?

small particles ATOMS
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Daltons Atomic Theory

• MATTER consists of tiny particles called Atoms
• Atoms are indestructible
• Atoms of one element has identical MASS and other
  properties
• Atoms of different elements has different mass
  and properties
• Atoms can form compounds in a fixed numerical
  ratio

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Atomic Aspects of Chemical Reactions

• Chemical reaction is a process which atoms
  separate or unite, no atoms are destroyed or
  created
• 2A 2B 2AB
• Atomic ratio AB11
• Mass ratio mAmB Constant

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Law of Multiple Proportions

• Element A and B can form two or more kinds
  compounds e.g. AB, or AB2, AB3
• A B AB
• A 2B AB2
• A 3B AB3
• For the same amount of A, the mass of B in the
  three compounds would be 123

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Physical States of Water
wps.prenhall.com/.../165/169061/blb9ch0102.html
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Multiple Proportions
sulfur sulfur dioxide
trioxide Mass S 32.06 g 32.06 g Mass O 32.00
g 48.00 g
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Modern Periodic Table
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Review questions

• Identify physical change vs. chemical change ice
  melts, coal burns
• Identify chemical property vs. physical property,
  grass is green, grass burned to ash
• How small are atoms compare to your computer?
• How many elements are in nature?