Lab 3: Tissue Classification, Skin and Body Membranes

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Lab 3Tissue Classification,Skin and Body
Membranes
Human Anatomy PhysiologyHuman AP Laboratory
Manual Volume 1 Second Custom Edition for APSU
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Lab 3 Activities

1. histology slides  epithelial and connective
   tissue subtypessimple squamous epithelium,
   simple cuboidal epithelium, simple columnar
   epithelium, pseudostratified columnar epithelium,
   transitional epithelium, stratified squamous
   epithelium, areolar connective tissue, adipose
   tissue, reticular connective tissue, dense
   regular and irregular connective tissue, skeletal
   muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, blood,
   neuron
2. skin slides  tissue layers (epidermis, dermis
   hypodermis), layers of epidermis, epidermal
   derivatives (hair, sebaceous sudoriferous
   sweat glands)
3. skin model
4. body membranes

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General Characteristics of Epithelial Tissues

• Cellularity densely packed little
  extracellular matrix
• Forms Layers has Polarity Supported by
  underlying Connective Tissue
• apical surface
• basal surface
• Innervated but avascular (no direct blood supply)
• Derived from embryonic ectoderm and endoderm

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Classification of Epithelial Tissues by the
Number of Layers
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Classification of Epithelial Tissues by the Shape
of Cells
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Simple Squamous Epithelial Tissue
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Simple Squamous Epithelium
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Simple Cuboidal Epithelial Tissue
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Simple Columnar Epithelial Tissue
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Simple Cuboidal and Simple Columnar Epithelium
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Stratified Epithelial Tissues

• Are assigned their cell shape designation by the
  shape of the cells in the apical layer

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Stratified Squamous Epithelial Tissue
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Stratified Squamous Epithelium keratinized
versus non-keratinized
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Stratified Columnar Epithelial Tissue
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Transitional Epithelial Tissue
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Transitional Epithelium - Bladder relaxed
versus stretched
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Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelial
Tissue
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Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Trachea
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General Characteristics of Connective Tissues

• Cellularity fewer cells, rarely touching,
  surrounded by considerable extracellular matrix
• ground substance (gelatinous glycoproteins)
• structural fibers (fibrous proteins, e.g.,
  collagen, elastin, reticulin)
• Does not form layers supports and fills in
  between epithelial tissues
• Innervated and Vascular (direct blood supply)
• Cartilage is the exception with no capillary beds
• Derived from embryological mesoderm

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Major Classes of Connective Tissue
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Embryonic Connective Tissue --Mesenchyme
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Areolar Connective Tissue
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Areolar Connective Tissue
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Adipose Connective Tissue
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Adipose Tissue
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Reticular Connective Tissues
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Dense Regular Connective Tissues
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Regular Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue
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Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
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Irregular Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue
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Hyaline Cartilage
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Hyaline Cartilage
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Elastic Cartilage
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Elastic Cartilage
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Fibrocartilage
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Fibrocartilage
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Bone (Osseous Tissue)
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Bone Tissue (dried)
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Types of Bone

• Compact
• appears very dense
• most of the bone mass in the body
• Spongy
• appears poorly organized
• tiny bone struts trabeculae

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Blood (Vascular Tissue)
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Blood Cells
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Muscle Tissues

• Characteristics of muscle tissues
• High degree of cellularity
• Cells contain contractile proteins
• Well vascularized
• A highly specialized type of connective tissue

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Muscle Tissues Skeletal
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Muscle Tissues Cardiac
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Classification of Muscle Tissues

• two types are striated
• Skeletal muscle
• attached to bones
• multinucleate
• voluntary
• fibers are parallel and cylindrical
• Cardiac muscle
• most of the heart wall
• single nucleus
• involuntary
• branched cylinders connected by intercalated
  discs

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Muscle Tissues Smooth
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Classification of Muscle Tissues

• one type is non-striated
• Smooth muscle.
• walls of hollow organs blood vessels, digestive
  tract, airways, bladder
• involuntary
• single nucleus
• spindle shaped

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Nervous Tissue
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Nervous Tissue

• Highly specialized epithelial cells
• Convert stimuli into electro-chemical signals for
  transfer of information
• Structure
• cell body (soma) and extensions
• dendrites (highly branched) carry incoming
  signal
• axon (long, usually single strand) carry
  outgoing signal

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Epithelial ( Body Membranes) The
CutaneousMembrane
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The Skin
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Epithelial Membranes ( Body Membranes)
Muc0us Membranes
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Epithelial Membranes Serous Membranes
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Embryonic Germ Layers and the Primary Tissue
Types They Produce
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Take Advantage of Available Histology Resources

• http//www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Histo/frame
  s/h_fram13.html
• http//www.med.uiuc.edu/histo/small/atlas/slides.h
  tm
• http//www.pathguy.com/histo/000.htm

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End Lab 3 Presentation
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Figure 4.7A Areolar Connective Tissue A
Prototype Connective Tissue