Relation of Punjabi to Urdu Curriculum

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Relation of Punjabi to Urdu Curriculum

• Punjabi ( ?????? / ??????)
• Language for the land of 5 rivers
• Ijaz A Malik
• Assistant. Professpr
• Urdu Program, DLIFLC

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Outline

• Geographic location
• Demographic facts
• Political power
• Cultural facts
• Punjabi dialects
• Punjabi script and vocabulary
• Differences between Urdu and Punjabi
• Sources of Punjabi
• Conclusion

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Western Eastern Punjab

• Maps of Western and Eastern Punjab

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Demographic facts

• Punjabi is widely spoken and understood in
  Pakistan and India
• Spoken by nearly 120 million people in the world
• Spoken by about 80 million people in Pakistan
• Spoken by about 30 million people in India
• Nearly 10 million people speak Punjabi in Canada,
  United Kingdom, USA, Malaysia and Middle East
• Urdu is the national language of Pakistan, but
  only 9 of population speaks Urdu as their mother
  tongue

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Political Power

• More members of the National Assembly than
  combined members of other provinces (148 to 110)
• Dominant in the armed forces
• Economically richest province of Pakistan
• In India, Punjab province is the main food
  supplier
• In India three Prime Ministers were from Punjab

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Culture

• Culture of Pakistan is linked with the Indus
  Valley civilization which is the root of Punjabi
  culture
• Punjab is the largest and richest province of
  Pakistan therefore, the culture of Pakistan is
  influenced by the Punjabi people

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Punjabi women maintain traditional dress
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Punjabi men maintain traditional dress
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Weddings maintain traditions
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Dialects of Punjabi

• Punjabi has many dialects
• Main Punjabi (widely spoken in central Punjab)
• Hindko (Northern areas of Pakistan)
• Siraiki (Southwestern Punjab)
• Potohari (Rawalpindi area)
• Mirpuri (Azad Kashmir area)
• Spoken Pakistani Punjabi and Indian Punjabi are
  the same
• Pakistani Punjabi uses Arabic/Persian/Urdu script
  
• Indian Punjabi uses Gurumukhi script

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Indian Punjabi Scripts

• Gurumukhi Script

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Pakistani Punjabi Script

• Shahmukhi Script

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Pakistani/Indian Punjabi scripts compared

• Sare insan azad te h?uquq te izzat de lih?az?
  nal barabar pæda næn. Oh aqal samajh te cange
  munde di pachan te ah?isas rakhade ne is daste
  lohnan nun ikk duje nal bhaicare wala saluk
  karna cahi da æ.

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Grammatical Features(Differences)
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Punjabi/Urdu Verbs(Differences)
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Urdu/Punjabi Vocabulary(Similarities)
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Other Urdu/Punjabi Differences

• Urdu is considered a status symbol after English
  in educated circles of Pakistan
• The most distinctive phonological feature of
  Punjabi is the preservation of the medial
  geminates following a short vowel in stressed
  syllables. Heavy stress on second syllable causes
  weakening of the first.

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Urdu/Punjabi Differences (Cont.)

• Persian final clusters are often broken by an
  inserted post-tonic vowel, e.g. rasam (lt rasm)
  custom"
• Consonant changes are less remarkable, with q and
  ? regularly reduced to k

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Some Punjabi Language Sources

• Newspapers Sajjan, Wajj, Khabran, Bhulekha,
  Sanjaha Verah and more
• Radio programs
• National and local TV programs
• Punjab University Lahore and other colleges
• Local programs sponsored by Punjab Government
  Waris Shah Mela, Punjab Rang
• Many more programs around the globe

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Conclusion

• Punjabi is very important for Urdu learners who
  are focusing on Pakistan
• Punjabi could be included in Urdu programs
• One additional semester after Urdu studies might
  achieve a goal of ILR 2 or higher

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Thanks

• Questions/Comments
• Contact
• Ijaz A Malik 831-242-4536
• Defense Language Institute, Monterey, CA
• E-Mail ijaz.malik_at_us.army.mil