Title: ???????
1?????????????(????????)
?? ?? ?????? ???????????
?11????????????????(IBIS 2008) _at_
???????? 2008?10?30?
2????
- ?? ?? (???? ???)
- ?????????????? ?????
- ?????COE ?????????????
- ??????,?????,???????? ????????
?????????
3?????????????????
??????????????
????????? ??
????????? ??
??????????,??????
???????????,??
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4????
- ???????????
- ???????
- ???????????
- ???????????????
?? ??????????????
5??????????
- ??
- ????????????????????
- Lauritzen Spiegelhalter (1988)
- ????????????????
- ???? (???????????)
- ?????????????
- ????????????????
6?????????
- Robertson Seymour (1983)
- Wagner?? (1937) ??? ? ?????????
- ???,?? ???
lt?????gt
?????????? ???
(??????) (?????)
7?????????????????
- ???????????????????
- ????????????????????
- ???????????????????
7
1
4
2
8
10
3
5
9
6
8????
- ???????????
- ???????
- ???????????
- ???????????????
9??????
??????
- ??,???? V
- ?,??? E
- ??? G(V, E)
- ??
???????
10?
- ??? ? ????????????
- ??????? ? ????????????
?????? (???)
?????
?????
11????
- ????? ???
- ??? ? (leaf)
- ????????,??????(??????)
- ?????????,???????????
12??????? (tree decomposition)
7
1
4
2
8
10
3
5
9
6
13?????????
- ???G(V, E)???? T
- T????G??????
- G????,?????T????????
- G???????T????T????
14????????
- ???G(V, E)???? T
- T????G??????
- G????,?????T????????
- G???????T????T????
7
1
4
2
8
10
3
5
9
6
15????????
- ????? T? T ?????? ???????
- T ??? (treewidth)? T ?????? ????? ? 1
- G???? G???????? ??
?? 2
???????????,?????????
?????
???????
16?????????????
- G???? 1 ? G??
- G??????? ? G?????
- ???????????? ? ??????????????????????
- ???????????????
- LIGAND???? ???????3??
- (Yamaguchi, Aoki, Mamitsuka 03)
- C??????????? goto-free????6??
- (Thorup 97)
17LIGAND?????????????
- http//www.genome.ad.jp/ligand/
- ??,9,712???????? (??15,218?)
- A. Yamaguchi, K.F. Aoki, H. Mamitsuka, Graph
Complexity of Chemical Compounds in Biological
Pathways. Genome Informatics 14 (2003) 376-377
?? ????
1 1,881
2 7,336
3 477
4 1
5?? 0
18????
- ???????????
- ???????
- ???????????
- ???????????????
19???????????
- ?????????????????
- ???????????? (Robertson Seymour)
- ??
- ?????????????????????
- ??????????
- ??
lt?????gt ?????????????????????
20????
- ???? ???????????????
- (??????????)
???????
????????
21??????????????
- ??????
- ??????? G ? ??? k
- ??Yes ? G ???? k ???????? No ? G ????
k ??????????
???
G
k 3
k 4
k 5
Yes
No
1???
22????????
- ????????
- ??????? G
- ?? G ?????????????
?? ?????????? ????????????
G
23??????????
??????????
- ???????NP?? (Karp 72)
- ?????????????? (Håstad 99)
- ??????? k ????????? (W1??)
- (Downey Fellows 95)
- ?????????????????? (Valiant 79)
?????????G??????????
24???????????????????
- ??
- n G ????
- ?? w ?????????????
??? G ?????? w ????????????? G ???????? O(2wwn)
???????
25? (??1) ?????
- ????? ? ????????????
- ???????????
- ????????? (??????,??????)
26???????????
- ?????? ? ??????????????
- ??????
- ???? ????
- ???????
- ?????????,??????????
???11?????
???9?????
27??????????????? 1
??????????????
- ???? T,? r
- ??T???????? r ????,r ?????
- r???T??????? r ? ?????????
- ??v1???????? v2????????
v3???????? v4????????
r
v1
v4
v3
v2
28??????????????? 2
??????????????
- ???? T,? r
- ??T???????? r ????,r ?????
- r?????T??????? ?????????
- ??u1???????? u2????????
u3????????
r
u3
u1
u2
29??????????
- ???????????????????????
- ? ??
- ???? T ,?? v ????Tv v ????? T ????
- ?? Tr T
- A(v) Tv ??????? ????
- ??A(r)??????????
r
v
30??????????? (1)
- Tv v ????? T ????
- A(v) Tv ???????????
- A(v) ??2?????
- v???Tv???????????
- v?????Tv???????????
r
v
31??????????? (2)
- v???Tv???????????
- Tv ? (v?N(v)) ??????????? 1
- (N(v) v??????)
- A(v1) A(v2) A(v3)1
v
??????
v1
v2
v3
32??????????? (3)
- v?????Tv???????????
- Tv ? v ???????????
- A(u1) A(u2) A(u3)
v
u3
u1
??????
u2
33??????????? (4)
- ??
- A(v) ??2?????
- A(v1) A(v2) A(v3)1
- A(u1) A(u2) A(u3)
- ???????
- A(v) ??2?????
- ? A(u) u ? v ?? 1
- ? A(u) u ? v ??
v
u3
u1
u2
v1
v2
v3
34?????????
- A(v) ??2?????
- ? A(u) u ? v ?? 1
- ? A(u) u ? v ??
- ??????? A(v) ????????????(?????)
- ??? ? O(n)
r
35?? w ???
- ??? T ????????
- ???????????
r
lt?????gt ???????????? ??? ??????????????
36?????????
- Tv v ????? T ????
- ?? Tv ?G??????Gv ????
v
7
1
4
2
8
10
3
5
9
Gv
6
37?????????? (1)
7
4
8
10
- A(v) Gv ???????????
- ??????? ? A(r)
- ??? v ????????? ??? (? w1) ??
- S(v) v ???????????
- G????? X ? S(v) ????A(v, X) Gv??????
X???,S(v)?X????
??????????? ???
5
9
6
v
38?????????? (2)
7
4
8
10
- G????? X ? S(v) ????A(v, X) Gv??????X???,
S(v)?X???????????
??????? - A(v, X) ?????????v ?? u ? ????Y ? S(u) ????
A(u, Y) ????????????? - ? ???????(?????)
5
9
6
v
???????????
39?? (??)
- ??
- n G ????
- ?? w ?????????????
- ?????????
- w ??? ? ???? O(n) (????)
??? G ?????? w ????????????? G ???????? O(2wwn)
???????
40?????????????
- ?? w ???????,????????????
- ??????
- ????
- ??????
- ?????
- ???????
- ??????
- ......
41???????? Courcelle ???
- ?? (Courcelle 90)
- ?????????????MSOL?????
- ????????????u, v ? V ((u ? X ? v ? X) ? ?(uv ?
E))
?????? (MSOL) ???????????? ????????????? O(n)
??????
lt?????gt ?????????????????????????
42??????????
- ?? (Arnborg, Lagergren, Seese 91)
- ???
- ?????????????
- ?????????????????????
MSOL ??????????????? ??????????????????????
43????
- ???????????
- ???????
- ???????????
- ???????????????
44?????????????...
- ????????????? NP??
- (Arnborg, Corneil, Proskurowski 87)
- ???????????????????
- O(2n poly(n))
(?????) - O(1.7549n poly(n)) (Fomin,
Villanger 08) - ????????????????????
- ????? (?????????)
45?????
- ?????????? v ??????
- v ? N(v) ??????????
- v ?????,N(v) ??????,????
7
1
4
2
8
10
3
5
9
6
46????
- ???????????
- ???????
- ???????????
- ???????????????
- ???
47?????? (1)
lt?????gt
?????????? ???
(??????) (?????)
lt?????gt ?????????????????????
48?????? (2)
lt?????gt ???????????? ??? ??????????????
lt?????gt ?????????????????????????
49?????????????????
??????????????
????????? ??
????????? ??
??????????????
????
50?????????????(????????)
?? ?? ?????? ???????????
?11????????????????(IBIS 2008) _at_
???????? 2008?10?30?