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Obtaining nutrients

• Nutrients are the substances (organic or
  inorganic) that living things ingest and that can
  be used by their cells.
• There are two types of nutrition

• Heterotrophic

• Autotrophic

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Autotrophic nutrition

• Autotrophic organisms produce organic nutrients
  from inorganic substances, such as
• Water
• Mineral salts
• Carbon dioxide

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Autotrophic nutrition

• One example is photosynthesis. Plants and algae
  make organic nutrients using the energy from
  sunlight.

ENERGY
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Heterotrophic nutrition

• Heterotrophic organisms cannot make organic
  matter from inorganic matter. Therefore, they
  obtain nutrients from other organisms or their
  derivatives.
• Animals are an example of heterotrophic
  organisms.

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Respiration

• Respiration is the process where a living
  organism takes in oxygen and expels carbon
  dioxide.

• This process also takes place in cells, which
  use oxygen to generate energy from nutrients.
  Mitochondria are the organelles that carry out
  cellular respiration.

Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
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Cellular respiration

• In this process, the mitochondrion takes in
  oxygen, obtains energy from nutrients and expels
  carbon dioxide and water.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Energy
Water
Carbohydrates
Respiration in a mitochondrion
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Substance distribution in unicellular organisms

• In unicellular organisms, the cell exchanges
  substances directly with the environment through
  the membrane.

The exchange of substances in a protozoan
Nutrients
Waste
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Substance distribution in multicellular organisms

• In multicellular organisms, different parts of
  the body specialise in
• Taking in or expelling substances.
• Transporting substances.

The circulatory systemof a fish
The digestive systemof a bird
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Excretion

• This is the process by where living beings expel
  the waste products generated by their activity.

The excretory systemof a reptile
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Natural Science 2. Secondary Education