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Transportasi lintas membran

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The Cell Membrane Transport Pasif Transport Aktif Endocytosis and exocytosis Water relations and cell shape in blood cells Water relations in a plant cell REPRODUKSI ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Transportasi lintas membran


1
Transportasi lintas membran Reproduksi Sel
Dr. Alfiah Hayati Biologi, Unair
2
The Cell Membrane
3
MEMBRAN SEL
STRUKTUR -LIPID (LEMAK) -PROTEIN -KARBOHI
DRAT FUNGSI -BATAS PEMISAH -PELINDUNG/SELUBU
NG -LALULINTAS MOLEKUL (PERMEABEL SELEKTIF
4
Struktur membran
  1. Danielli dan Davson (1930-1940) triglyceride
    lipid bilayers (permukaan yang berhadapan dengan
    air)
  2. Robertson (1950) electron micrographs

5
Membran Sel
-Bilayer lipid -Lipid bersifat AMFIPATIK dengan
kepala polar HIDROFILIK yang menghadap ke luar
dan ekor HIDROFOBIK menghadap ke dalam -Portein
(hidrofilik) terbenam dalam bilayer lipid
(protein transmembran) dan dipermukaan bilayer
lipid (protein perifer)? model mosaik fluida
6
FLUIDA MEMBRAN
  • Gerakan fosfolipid di permukaan membran (a)
  • Fluida membran menurun ? banyak asam lemak
    tidak jenuh (bag. Ekor)(b.1)
  • Fluida membran meningkat ? asam lemak jenuh
    (b.2) dan kolesterol (c)

7
SISI MEMBRAN -Bag. Luar dan dalam -Distribusi
lipid, protein dan karbohidrat ?
asimetris -karbohidrat ? oligosakarida -berikatan
dengan lipid ? glikolipid -berikatan dengan
protein ? glikoprotein
8
TRANSPOT MEMBRAN SEL
Gula, asam amino, nutrien, O2, CO2 dan mineral
Na, K, Ca, Cl
CO, CO2, O2, air dan etanol
-Permeabel selektif -Permeabel bilayer
lipid -Protein transpot, bersifat hidrofilik a.
selektif b. ATP c. enzimatik d. transduksi
sinyal (reseptor)
Gula
9
Selektif - ATP
Enzimatik
Transduksi sinyal
Protein transpot
Difusi dipermudah oleh protein spesifik
10
Transport Pasif
11
Transpot pasif
Proses osmosis
Difusi perpindahan zat pekat ke kurang
pekat Osmosis difusi zat melalui membran
permeabel selektif
Proses difusi
12
KESEIMBANGAN TRANSPORTASI AIR (osmoregulasi)
-Pada sel tanpa dinding -Pada sel berdinding
Isotonik Hipotonik hipertonik
13
Transport Aktif
14
Transpot aktif zat terlarut melawan gradien
konsentrasi rendah ke tinggi
ATP
15
PERBANDINGAN TRANSPOT PASIF - AKTIF
16
EKSOSITOSIS ENDOSITOSIS
Eksositosis sekresi materi dengan cara
menggabungkan vesikula dengan membran Endositosis
masuknya materi dlm sel dengan cara
menggabungkan vesikula dengan membran sel
17
Endocytosis and exocytosis
18
Water relations and cell shape in blood cells
19
Water relations in a plant cell
20
REPRODUKSI SEL
21
Reproduksi protista berbeda dengan sel hewan
lainnya Jamur ? spora Tanaman ? biji Hewan ?
telur Protista ? sel tunggal
Sel anak ? mempunyai membran, sitoplasma dan
inti Inti mengandung DNA yang identik
22
Salah satu protista adalah amoeba Amoebas ?
sangat tipis, membran sel fleksibel Bergerak
dengan menjulurkan sitoplasma keluar membran dan
membentuk pseudopods ("false feet") Di dalam sel
terdapat ruang sbg organ percernaan
23
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24
REPRODUKSI SEL
  • MITOSIS ? sel somatik
  • MEIOSIS ? sel seks atau gamet (spermatozoa dan
    ovum)

25
MITOSIS
Interfase
Metafase
Anafase
Profase
Telofase
  1. Terjadi sintesis protein kromatin dan inti
    nampak jelas replikasi DNA
  2. Kromatin tebal ? kromosom membran inti melebur
    sentriol bergerak pada sisi yang berlawanan dan
    serabut spindel mulai terbentuk
  3. Kromosom yang dihubungkan spindel ada di tengah
  4. Kromosom memisah menuju ke kutub yang berlawanan
  5. Kromosom kembali berbentuk kromatin speindel
    melebur membran inti nampak sentriol replikasi
    terbentuk membran sel baru

26
Cell ReproductionInterphase (before Mitosis)
Early Prophase Prophase Late Prophase
Transition to Metaphase Metaphase Anaphase
Telophase
27
PROPHASE I
  • SYNAPSIS - the pairing and bonding together of
    homologous chromosomes to form tetrads
  • Homologous chromosomes consist of one maternal
    and one paternal chromosome

28
PROPHASE I
  • CROSSING-OVER
  • Exchange of chromatid segments within tetrads to
    produce new allele combinations
  • Nonsisters cross over, break, and rejoin
  • Increases genetic variety

VIEW OF NUCLEUS AND TETRADS
29
CROSSING -OVER
  • Notice the exchange of segments that has happened
    in two places on the larger homologous pair
  • This is crossing over

30
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31
METAPHASE I
  • Tetrads line up in the middle of the cell in a
    straight line at equator
  • Spindle fibers attach to only 1 kinetochore of
    each centromere

32
ANAPHASE I
  • Tetrads are separated as homologous chromosomes
    are pulled to opposite poles of the cell
  • (Remember the chromosomes are still actually
    sister chromatids)

33
TELOPHASE I
  • Cytokinesis may occur and two HAPLOID cells
    containing sister chromatids are produced
  • A brief period of interkinesis occurs

34
INTERKINESIS
A short interphase like stage between
divisions
TELOPHASE I
PROPHASE II
35
MEIOSIS
SEPARATES SISTER CHROMATIDS
36
PROPHASE II
  • Nuclear membranes disappear
  • Nucleoli disappear
  • Spindle fibers form
  • Chromatin coils to form chromosomes
  • What does this remind you of ?
  • Prophase II is basically the same as mitosis
    prophase x 2

37
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38
METAPHASE II
  • In metaphase II the two cells line up their
    chromosomes in the middle of the cell in a
    straight line at equator
  • Again this is the same as mitosis metaphase -
    only two cells are doing it
  • Each cell is doing it with only 1 chromosome of
    each kind, not pairs

39
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40
ANAPHASE II
  • During this phase the centromeres of the
    chromosomes in the two cells divide and sister
    chromatids move to opposite poles of the cells
  • Very mitosis-like again

41
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42
TELOPHASE II
  • Final act of meiosis
  • Nuclear membranes reappear
  • Nucleoli reappear
  • Chromosomes uncoil to chromatin
  • Spindle fibers disappear
  • Cytokinesis occurs to produce a total of 4
    haploid cells (N)

43
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44
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45
MEIOSIS II
PROPHASE II
MEIOSIS II
46
Meiosis Summary of reduction division
47
Phases of spermatogenesis (i.e., meiosis in
males)
48
TERIMA KASIH
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