Mitosis

1
??????????????

• ???????
• ?????
• ?????
• ?????
• ????????????
• ?????????????
• ????????????
• ????????????
• ?????????????
• Mitosis
• Meiosis
• ???????
• ???????????

2
???????
???????????????????(1865)????????????????????????
???1900??????????????????????3???????????????????
????????????3?????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)
?????????????
3
???????????????????????
???????????????????????????? ????????????????????
??????????????? ?????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????? ???????7???????????(???
?)??(???caharacter)???????????????
4
???????????
1)????????(seed color)? 2)????????????(seed
shape)? 3)????????(pod color)? 4)?????????(stem
length)? 5)??????????????(pod shape)? 6)??????????
(flower color)? 7)?????????????????(flower
position on stem)
5
??????????
P?? Parental generation
P
F1?? (first filial generation
6
F2?? (second filial generation)
????
705
224
7
?????F2????????
8
??????????
(1)?????????(?????????????)???? (2)???????????????
?????????????????? (3)F1??????????????????????????
?????

????3????? ????????????????? ??????????
??(dominant)??????????? ??(recessive)???????????
9
1. ?????
????????????????? ??????????????????????
P?????????????? P?????????????? ??????
P?????????????? P?????????????? (1/1)A
?????? (1/1)a (1/1)Aa
???????????????
10
2. ?????
2???????????????????????????????????????????
????????? ????
F1?????????????? F1?????????????? ??????Aa ??????Aa
F1?????????????? F1?????????????? (1/2)A (1/2)a
??????Aa (1/2)A (1/4)AA (1/4)Aa
??????Aa (1/2)a (1/4)Aa (1/4)aa
???????????????
11
Mitosis (???????)? Meiosis(???????????)
12
????mitosis
1
2
3
4
6
5
13
????meiosis
???????????????????????(gamate)????????????????(zy
gote)?????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????(egg)???(sperm)?????????(fertili
zed egg)????????
14
3. ?????
????????(dihybrid cross)?????????????????????????
????????????????????????
???????????????
???????????? ???????????????
15
?????????????
16
?????????????
???? ????
??? Widow's peak ????? Straight hairline
????? Free ear lobes ????? Attached ear lobes
??????? Tongue Rolling ??????
???????? Mid-Digital Hair ?????????
???? Dimpled Chin ??????
17
????????????(??????????)
?????????
18
????????????/????????????????????????????????
19
?
20
????????????????????
?????????????? (1)??????????????? (2)?????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?
??????????????????????????????????? ??(1)????????
???????????????????????(2)?????????????(3)??????1?
???????(4)????????????????????????(5)????
21
???????????
Wild b,vg
Black b,vg
Vestigial b,vg
Black Vestigial b, vg ??????? Wild???????
22
P
F1
9
2
3
2
F2
9331????????
23
?????????????? ????
P
F1
F2
9331?3001?????? ???
24
????????????????
P
F1
25
??????(206185)/(965206185944)?100????17
26
???????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????
27
???????????
????????
????????

??????????
????? (incomplete dominance)
F1
28
?????????????????????

• ??????(Multiple gene)
• ?????????3??????????????
• ABO??????(??pprr????ppRR?ppRr????PPrr?Pprr?????PPR
  R?PpRR?PPRr?PpRr)
• ???????(Polygene)
• ??????????????????????
• ??????
• ????(sex-linked inheritance)
• ?????????????????

29
????????????
30
?????????????
Black
White eye
b
w
b
w
31
????????????????????????F2??????????????
P
F1
F2
32
??????black????
P
P
F1
F1
F2
F2
33
????????????????
34
?????????????w???
35
?????Y?????????????
36
???????
Y?????????????????????????
Y????????????????????????
37
??
????????????? ????????????? ?Morgan Genetic
Tutorial???? ???????????? http//morgan.rutgers.ed
u/MorganWebFrames/htmldocs/contents.php ?????????
???? ????????????????????????????? ??????????????
?