The New Deal

1
The New Deal

• US History

2
The Old Deal
What?

• President Hoovers reaction to the Great
  Depression

President Herbert Hoover
3
The Old Deal
What did he want to do?

• Let the business cycle take care of things
• Trickle Down Economics

• Refused to create government programs until it
  was too late (Reconstruction Finance Corporation)

Children in one of the Bonus Army Camps
4
The Bonus Army 1932
Who?

• 25,000 WWI veterans

What?

• Marched to Washington D.C. to get a bonus they
  were supposed to get in 1945

5
The Bonus Army 1932
What did Hoover do?

• Called out the troops and dispersed the army

6
The Election of 1932
What?

• Roosevelt offers a New Deal for America

• Roosevelt wins with 60 of the vote

7
Thinking slide
Was Hoover a bad president or was he in the wrong
place at the wrong time?
8
Roosevelts New Deal

• What?

• Programs meant to help the country by getting the
  government involved in the economy

Meant to do 3 things
1. Relief - help people out in the short term 2.
Recovery - get the economy back on its feet 3.
Reform - keep this from ever happening
again (Refer to page 424 and chart)
9
First 100 Days

• What?

• Congress gave up debates and allowed for New Deal
  legislation to move through in first three months
  or 100 days of presidency.

What?

• Emergency Banking act, Beer-Wine Revenue Act,
  Reforestation Relief Act, Federal Emergency
  Relief Act, Agricultural Adjustment Act,
  Tennessee Valley Authority, Federal Securities
  Act, Home Owners Refinancing Act, National
  Industrial Recovery Act, Banking Act of 1933
  ALPHABET SOUP!

10
Bank Holiday - First Step

• Why?

• Many banks had failed, wiping out families
  savings

• People lost confidence in the banks

Depositors Congregate Outside Closed Bank
11
Bank Holiday - First Step

• How?

• Closed banks for four days to reorganize

• President explains in a fireside chat

• Confidence restored

12
Next Step - Alphabet Soup
CCC - Civilian Conservation Corps

• 18-25 year old guys get jobs and send money home
  to their families

CCC workers in Lassen National Forest, California
13
Next Step - Alphabet Soup
AAA - Agricultural Adjustment Administration

• Government pays farmers not to farm

• Meant to cause prices to rise and halt
  overproduction

14
Next Step - Alphabet Soup
TVA - Tennessee Valley Authority

• Government runs a hydroelectric power plant

• Provides cheap power fertilizer to the poor
  region

Construction at Norris Dam, which was being built
by the TVA on the Clinch River in Northeastern
Tennessee
15
Next Step - Alphabet Soup
FDIC - Federal Department Insurance Corp.

• Insurance for the you put in banks

• Protected peoples savings

Bank Employee Checks Depositor's Account
16
Next Step - Alphabet Soup
SEC - Securities and Exchange Commission

• Watchdog agency for the stock market

New York Stock Exchange
17
Next Step - Alphabet Soup
FERA - Federal Emergency Relief Admin.

• Gave direct relief () to those who needed it

• Beginnings of a welfare program

18
Next Step - Alphabet Soup
Social Security

• Taxed people working now to give payments to the
  elderly
• Aided the blind and dependent children

Social Security Information Poster
19
Impact of the Great Depression

• Unemployment

20
Impact of Great Depression

• Hoovervilles

• Breadlines

21
Impact of Great Depression

• The Dust Bowl 1931-1939

22
Impact of Great Depression

• Great Flood of 1936

23
Thinking Slide
Which program was most controversial and why?
24
His Greatest Mistake
Packing the Supreme Court
What?

• Increase the of Supreme Court justices from 9
  to 15

Why?

• Kept declaring his programs unconstitutional
  (including NRA, AAA, SEC, etc.)

25
His Greatest Mistake
Packing the Supreme Court
What did this cartoonist think about the Supreme
Court?
February, 1937, Richmond (Virginia) Times
Dispatch, "Fall In!"
26
His Greatest Mistake
Packing the Supreme Court
Results?

• Public grew angry (FDR taking too much power)

• FDR passed much less legislation after this

Supreme Court Exterior
27
The New Deal - Pros and Cons
Pros

• Restored optimism and hope to Americans

• Provided necessary relief to many

Cons

• Did not really fix the depression

• Left the nation with much debt

• Left people too dependent on government (?)

28
U.S. Budget during Great Deal (1929-1941)
29

• In a 150 word essay answer this question.
• The New Deals expansion of the role of
  government has had a positive legacy on this
  nation.